CHEMISTRY-TEXT
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134856230
Author: Robinson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 7.23P
Calculate formal charges on the C and O atoms in two resonance structures for acetic acid, the main component of vinegar. Decide which structure makes a larger contribution to the resonance hybrid.
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A resonance hybrid is a structure that can be depicted by more than one valid Lewis structure.
part1: Draw the major resonance form of fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized, and it should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons.
part2: Draw the second most important resonance form of fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized, and it should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons.
part3: Draw the least important resonance contributor for fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized and should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons.
The carbonate anion, CO32- , is a resonance hybrid. Draw all of the important resonance structures for this molecule. If an atom has a nonzero formal charge, be sure the formal charge is shown clearly in the structure. Use the resonance structures to calculate the average formal charge on each O atom (which are all equivalent in the "true" structure). [Note: all of the important contributing resonance structures have octets around each atom that desires an octet.]
Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen form two different polyatomic ions: cyanate ion (NCO) and fulminate ion (CNO). Write Lewis
structures for each anion, including near-equivalent resonance structures (do not add any arrows between structures) and indicating
formal charges. The isocyanate ion also has two near-equivalent structures, but the formal charge on the nitrogen attom cannot be
reduced to zero:
Cyanate ion (NCO)
Chapter 7 Solutions
CHEMISTRY-TEXT
Ch. 7 - Use the electro negativity values in Figure 7.4...Ch. 7 - Conceptual APPLY 7.2 An electrostatic potential...Ch. 7 - The dipole moment of AgCI in the gas phaseis...Ch. 7 - Predict which bond has greater percent ionic...Ch. 7 - Select the correct electron-dot structure for H2S...Ch. 7 - Use the octet rule to predict the molecular...Ch. 7 - Identify the correct electron-dot structure for...Ch. 7 - Draw an electron-dot structure for each of the...Ch. 7 - Select the correct electron-dot structure for...Ch. 7 - Identify the correct electron-dot structure(s) for...
Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.11PCh. 7 - Which oxygen species do you predict to be most...Ch. 7 - Draw an electron-dot structure for the following...Ch. 7 - There are two molecules with the formula C2H6O...Ch. 7 - The following structure is a representation of...Ch. 7 - Draw two possible electron-dot structures for the...Ch. 7 - Called “laughing gas, nitrous oxide (N2O) is...Ch. 7 - Draw as many resonance structures as possible for...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.19PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.20ACh. 7 - Calculate the formal charge on each atom in the...Ch. 7 - Start with the electron-dot structure for the...Ch. 7 - Calculate formal charges on the C and O atoms in...Ch. 7 - Three resonance structures for anisole (Problem...Ch. 7 - The toxicity of the organophosphate insecticides...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.26PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.27PCh. 7 - The following structure is a representation of the...Ch. 7 - The electron-dot structure for the nerve a gentsar...Ch. 7 - Draw the new electron-dot structures indicated by...Ch. 7 - The following diagram shows the potential energy...Ch. 7 - The following diagram shows the potential energy...Ch. 7 - Two electrostatic potential maps are shown, one of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.34CPCh. 7 - Which of the following drawings is most likely to...Ch. 7 - The following ball-and-stick molecular model is a...Ch. 7 - The following hall-and-stick molecular model is a...Ch. 7 - Sinapaldehyde, a compound present in the toasted...Ch. 7 - Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) has the following...Ch. 7 - Match the following descriptions with the type of...Ch. 7 - Why do two atoms come together to form a covalent...Ch. 7 - Explain the difference in the bond dissociation...Ch. 7 - Explain the difference in the bond dissociation...Ch. 7 - Predict which of the following bonds should be...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.45SPCh. 7 - What general trends in electro negativity occur in...Ch. 7 - Predict the electro negativity of the undiscovered...Ch. 7 - Order the following elements according to...Ch. 7 - Order the following elements according to...Ch. 7 - Which of the following substances contain bonds...Ch. 7 - Use the electro negativity data in Figure 7.4 to...Ch. 7 - Show the direction of polarity for each of the...Ch. 7 - Show the direction of polarity for each of the...Ch. 7 - Which of the substances...Ch. 7 - Which of the substances...Ch. 7 - Order the following compounds according to the...Ch. 7 - Order the following compounds according to the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.58SPCh. 7 - Using only the elements Ca, Cl, and Si, give...Ch. 7 - The dipole moment of BrCl is 0.518 D, and the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.61SPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.62SPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.63SPCh. 7 - Why does the octet rule apply primarily to...Ch. 7 - Which of the following substances contains an atom...Ch. 7 - Draw electron-dot structures for the following...Ch. 7 - Draw electron-dot structures for the following...Ch. 7 - Identify the correct electron-dot structure for...Ch. 7 - Draw an electron.dot structure for the hydronium...Ch. 7 - Oxalic acid, H2C2O4 , is a mildly poisonous...Ch. 7 - Draw an electron-dot structure for carbon...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.72SPCh. 7 - Identify the fourth-row elements, X, that form the...Ch. 7 - Write electron-dot structures for molecules with...Ch. 7 - Write electron-dot structures for molecules with...Ch. 7 - Which compound do you expect to have the stronger...Ch. 7 - Which compound do you expect to have the stronger...Ch. 7 - Draw an electron-dot structure for each of the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.79SPCh. 7 - Methylphenidate (C14H19NO2) , marketed as Ritalin,...Ch. 7 - Pregabalin (C8H17NO2) , marketed as Lyric a, is an...Ch. 7 - The following molecular model is that of...Ch. 7 - Ibuprofen C 13 H 18 O 2 marketed under such brand...Ch. 7 - Draw as many resonance structures as you can that...Ch. 7 - Draw as many resonance structures as you can for...Ch. 7 - Which of the following pairs of structures...Ch. 7 - Which of the following pairs of structures...Ch. 7 - Draw as many resonance structures as you can that...Ch. 7 - Draw as many resonance structures as you can that...Ch. 7 - Benzene has the following structural formula. Use...Ch. 7 - Draw three resonance structures for sulfur...Ch. 7 - Some mothballs used when storing clothes are made...Ch. 7 - Four different structures (a), (b), (c), and (d)...Ch. 7 - Draw an electron-dot structure for carbon...Ch. 7 - Assign formal charges to the atoms in the...Ch. 7 - Assign formal charges to the atoms in the...Ch. 7 - Assign formal charges to the atoms in the...Ch. 7 - Assign formal charges to the atoms in the...Ch. 7 - Calculate formal charges for the C and O atoms in...Ch. 7 - Draw two electron-dot resonance structures that...Ch. 7 - Draw two electron-dot resonance structures that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.102SPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.103SPCh. 7 - Boron trifluoride reacts with dimethyl ether to...Ch. 7 - Thiofulminic acid, HCNS, has recently been...Ch. 7 - Draw two rcsonancc strutur for methyl isocyanate,...Ch. 7 - In the cyanatc ion. OCN , carbon is the central...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.108MPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.109MPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.110MPCh. 7 - The neutral OH molecule has been implicated in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.112MPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.113MP
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