(a) Interpretation: The number of outer-shell electrons needed for a noble-gas electron configuration is to be determinedif an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons. Concept introduction: The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called a period. The electronic configuration of the element depends on the atomic number of element. It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.112MP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of outer-shell electrons needed for a noble-gas electron configuration is to be determinedif an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called a period. The electronic configuration of the element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons shared in the covalent bondneeds to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called a period. The electronic configuration of the element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence, each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration needs to be determined. Also, the electron dot structure of element with atomic number 12 needs to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called as period. The electronic configuration of element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate maximum 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electron dot structure of X₂ molecule needs to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called as period. The electronic configuration of element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate maximum 2 electrons with opposite spin.

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Free Radicals are molecules or ions that have an unpaired electron. They tend to be very reactive and are thought to contribute to the aging process. A "dimer" forms when two of the same molecules combine (dimerize). Draw a Lewis structure for each of the substances below and indicate which are free radicals. For a free radical the unpaired electron goes on the least electronegative element, which is usually the central atom. Key: y = Yes n = No 1. NO₂ 2. BrO3 3. CIO2 4. 03

Chlorine and bromine are in the same group in the periodic table. The bond energy of a Cl–Cl bond is 240 kJ/mol. The bond energy of a Br–Br bond is 190 kJ/mol. Which statement best explains this difference? Bromine has more electron levels than chlorine. Bromine atoms are more likely than chlorine atoms to interact with other atoms. Chlorine atoms form a double bond, and bromine atoms form a single bond. Chlorine atoms are larger than bromine atoms.

What possible error(s) exist in the Lewis structure (assume we are trying to represent the best possible Lewis structure for the NO₂S ion knowing N is the central atom in this polyatomic ion)? [:ö==S: N= CO :O: The best structure would have double bond and two lone pairs on each oxygen atom and a single bond with three lone pairs on the sulfur. There are no errors. This is the best possible structure. The Lewis structure above does not minimize formal charges, thus is the not the best possible structure. The nitrogen atom has an expanded octet, and this structure is impossible. The Lewis structure contains the wrong number of electrons, thus this structure is impossible.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.112MP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of outer-shell electrons needed for a noble-gas electron configuration is to be determinedif an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called a period. The electronic configuration of the element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons shared in the covalent bondneeds to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called a period. The electronic configuration of the element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence, each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration needs to be determined. Also, the electron dot structure of element with atomic number 12 needs to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called as period. The electronic configuration of element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate maximum 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electron dot structure of X₂ molecule needs to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called as period. The electronic configuration of element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate maximum 2 electrons with opposite spin.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.112MP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of outer-shell electrons needed for a noble-gas electron configuration is to be determinedif an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called a period. The electronic configuration of the element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons shared in the covalent bondneeds to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called a period. The electronic configuration of the element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence, each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration needs to be determined. Also, the electron dot structure of element with atomic number 12 needs to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called as period. The electronic configuration of element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate maximum 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electron dot structure of X₂ molecule needs to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called as period. The electronic configuration of element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate maximum 2 electrons with opposite spin.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.112MP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of outer-shell electrons needed for a noble-gas electron configuration is to be determinedif an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called a period. The electronic configuration of the element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons shared in the covalent bondneeds to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called a period. The electronic configuration of the element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence, each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration needs to be determined. Also, the electron dot structure of element with atomic number 12 needs to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called as period. The electronic configuration of element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate maximum 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electron dot structure of X₂ molecule needs to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called as period. The electronic configuration of element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate maximum 2 electrons with opposite spin.

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 7.112MP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of outer-shell electrons needed for a noble-gas electron configuration is to be determinedif an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called a period. The electronic configuration of the element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons shared in the covalent bondneeds to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called a period. The electronic configuration of the element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence, each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration needs to be determined. Also, the electron dot structure of element with atomic number 12 needs to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called as period. The electronic configuration of element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate maximum 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electron dot structure of X₂ molecule needs to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called as period. The electronic configuration of element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate maximum 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 7.112MP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of outer-shell electrons needed for a noble-gas electron configuration is to be determinedif an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called a period. The electronic configuration of the element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 7.112MP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of outer-shell electrons needed for a noble-gas electron configuration is to be determinedif an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called a period. The electronic configuration of the element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons shared in the covalent bondneeds to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called a period. The electronic configuration of the element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence, each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons shared in the covalent bondneeds to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called a period. The electronic configuration of the element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence, each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration needs to be determined. Also, the electron dot structure of element with atomic number 12 needs to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called as period. The electronic configuration of element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate maximum 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration needs to be determined. Also, the electron dot structure of element with atomic number 12 needs to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called as period. The electronic configuration of element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate maximum 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electron dot structure of X₂ molecule needs to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called as period. The electronic configuration of element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate maximum 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electron dot structure of X₂ molecule needs to be determined, if an otbital can have maximum of 3 electrons.

Concept introduction:

The long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are called as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called as period. The electronic configuration of element depends on the atomic number of element.

It can be written by following certain rules such as Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, and Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle state that no two electrons can have all the four same quantum numbers. Hence each orbital can accommodate maximum 2 electrons with opposite spin.

Answer 14

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Answer 17

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Solution Summary: The author explains that the long form of periodic table is based on the valence shell electronic configuration of elements.

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