A flow rate of 0:18 m3/s of water at 20°C discharges from a 0.3 m pipe through a 0.15 m nozzle into the atmosphere. The axial force component exerted by water on the nozzle is 3 kN. If frictional effects may be ignored, what corresponding force will be exerted on a 4:1 prototype of nozzle and pipe discharging 1:13 m3/s of air at 101.4 kPa and 15°C to the atmosphere? If frictional effects are included, the axial force component is 3.56 kN. What flow rate of air is then required for dynamic similarity? What is the corresponding force on the nozzle discharging air?
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