Statistics for Engineers and Scientists
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073401331
Author: William Navidi Prof.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 7, Problem 17SE
a.
To determine
Estimate the temperature at which half of the sample will melt. That is,
b.
To determine
Check whether the
c.
To determine
Estimate the triple-point temperature.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
The article "Measurements of the Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of
Polymer Melts with the Short-Hot-Wire Method" (X. Zhang, W. Hendro, et al.,
International Journal of Thermophysics, 2002:1077-1090) reports measurements of the
thermal conductivity (in W· m-1 . K') and diffusivity of several polymers at several
temperatures (in 1000°C). The following table presents results for the thermal conductivity
of polycarbonate.
Cond.
Temp.
0.236
0.028
0.241
0.038
0.244
0.061
0.251
0.083
0.259
0.107
0.257
0.119
0.257
0.130
0.261
0.146
0.254
0.159
0.256
0.169
0.251
0.181
0.249
0.204
0.249
0.215
0.230
0.225
0.230
0.237
0.228
0.248
Denoting conductivity by y and temperature by x, fit the linear model y = Bo + Bix + ɛ.
a.
For each coefficient, test the hypothesis that the coefficient is equal to 0.
b. Fit the quadratic model y = Bo + Bix + Bzx? + ɛ. For each coefficient, test the
Page 661
Fit the cubic model y = Bo + Bix + Bx + Bax + ɛ. For each coefficient, test the
%3D
hypothesis that…
The article "Simulation of the Hot Carbonate Process for Removal of CO, and H,S from
Medium Btu Gas" (K. Park and T. Edgar, Energy Progress, 1984:174–180) presents an
equation used to estimate the equilibrium vapor pressure of CO, in a potassium carbonate
solution. The actual equilibrium pressure (in kPa) was measured in nine different reactions
and compared with the value estimated from the equation. The results are presented in the
following table:
Reaction
Estimated Experimental
Difference
45.10
42.95
2.15
2
85.77
79.98
5.79
3
151.84
146.17
5.67
4.
244.30
228.22
16.08
5
257.67
240.63
17.04
6
44.32
41.99
2.33
84.41
82.05
2.36
8
150.47
149.62
0.85
253.81
245.45
8.36
Find a 95% confidence interval for the mean difference between the estimated and actual
pressures.
The article "Two Different Approaches for RDC Modelling When Simulating a Solvent
Deasphalting Plant" (J. Aparicio, M. Heronimo, et al., Computers and Chemical
Engineering, 2002:1369–1377) reports flow rate (in dmh) and specific gravity
measurements for a sample of paraffinic hydrocarbons. The natural logs of the flow rates (y)
and the specific gravity measurements (x) are presented in the following table.
х
-1.204
0.8139
-0.580
0.8171
0.049
0.8202
0 673
0.8233
1.311
0.8264
1.959
0.8294
2.614
0.8323
3.270
0.8352
Fit the linear model y = Bo + B,x + ɛ. For each coefficient, test the hypothesis that the
coefficient is equal to 0.
Fit the quadratic model y = Bo + B,x + B2x? + E. For each coefficient, test the
a.
b.
hypothesis that the coefficient is equal to 0.
Fit the cubic model y = Bo + Bix + B2x²
+ Bax + E. For each coefficient, test the
C.
hypothesis that the coefficient is equal to 0.
Which of the models in parts (a) through (c) is the most appropriate? Explain.
Using the most…
Chapter 7 Solutions
Statistics for Engineers and Scientists
Ch. 7.1 - Compute the correlation coefficient for the...Ch. 7.1 - For each of the following data sets, explain why...Ch. 7.1 - For each of the following scatterplots, state...Ch. 7.1 - True or false, and explain briefly: a. If the...Ch. 7.1 - In a study of ground motion caused by earthquakes,...Ch. 7.1 - A chemical engineer is studying the effect of...Ch. 7.1 - Another chemical engineer is studying the same...Ch. 7.1 - Tire pressure (in kPa) was measured for the right...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 10ECh. 7.1 - The article Drift in Posturography Systems...
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 12ECh. 7.1 - Prob. 13ECh. 7.1 - A scatterplot contains four points: (2, 2), (1,...Ch. 7.2 - Each month for several months, the average...Ch. 7.2 - In a study of the relationship between the Brinell...Ch. 7.2 - A least-squares line is fit to a set of points. If...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 4ECh. 7.2 - In Galtons height data (Figure 7.1, in Section...Ch. 7.2 - In a study relating the degree of warping, in mm....Ch. 7.2 - Moisture content in percent by volume (x) and...Ch. 7.2 - The following table presents shear strengths (in...Ch. 7.2 - Structural engineers use wireless sensor networks...Ch. 7.2 - The article Effect of Environmental Factors on...Ch. 7.2 - An agricultural scientist planted alfalfa on...Ch. 7.2 - Curing times in days (x) and compressive strengths...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 13ECh. 7.2 - An engineer wants to predict the value for y when...Ch. 7.2 - A simple random sample of 100 men aged 2534...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 16ECh. 7.3 - A chemical reaction is run 12 times, and the...Ch. 7.3 - Structural engineers use wireless sensor networks...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 4ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 7.3 - The coefficient of absorption (COA) for a clay...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 7.3 - Three engineers are independently estimating the...Ch. 7.3 - In the skin permeability example (Example 7.17)...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 12ECh. 7.3 - In a study of copper bars, the relationship...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 14ECh. 7.3 - In the following MINITAB output, some of the...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 16ECh. 7.3 - In order to increase the production of gas wells,...Ch. 7.4 - The following output (from MINITAB) is for the...Ch. 7.4 - The processing of raw coal involves washing, in...Ch. 7.4 - To determine the effect of temperature on the...Ch. 7.4 - The depth of wetting of a soil is the depth to...Ch. 7.4 - Good forecasting and control of preconstruction...Ch. 7.4 - The article Drift in Posturography Systems...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 7ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 8ECh. 7.4 - A windmill is used to generate direct current....Ch. 7.4 - Two radon detectors were placed in different...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 11ECh. 7.4 - The article The Selection of Yeast Strains for the...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 13ECh. 7.4 - The article Characteristics and Trends of River...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 15ECh. 7.4 - The article Mechanistic-Empirical Design of...Ch. 7.4 - An engineer wants to determine the spring constant...Ch. 7 - The BeerLambert law relates the absorbance A of a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2SECh. 7 - Prob. 3SECh. 7 - Refer to Exercise 3. a. Plot the residuals versus...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5SECh. 7 - The article Experimental Measurement of Radiative...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7SECh. 7 - Prob. 8SECh. 7 - Prob. 9SECh. 7 - Prob. 10SECh. 7 - The article Estimating Population Abundance in...Ch. 7 - A materials scientist is experimenting with a new...Ch. 7 - Monitoring the yield of a particular chemical...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14SECh. 7 - Refer to Exercise 14. Someone wants to compute a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 16SECh. 7 - Prob. 17SECh. 7 - Prob. 18SECh. 7 - Prob. 19SECh. 7 - Use Equation (7.34) (page 545) to show that 1=1.Ch. 7 - Use Equation (7.35) (page 545) to show that 0=0.Ch. 7 - Prob. 22SECh. 7 - Use Equation (7.35) (page 545) to derive the...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The article "Enthalpies and Entropies of Transfer of Electrolytes and Ions from Water to Mixed Aqueous Organic Solvents" (G. Hefter, Y. Marcus, and W. Waghorne, Chemical Reviews, 2002:2773–2836) presents measurements of entropy and enthalpy changes for many salts under a variety of conditions. The following table presents the results for entropies of transfer (in J/K · mol) from water to water + methanol of NaCl (table salt) over a range of concentrations of methanol: Concentration (%) Entropy 5 10 -1 20 -7 30 -17 40 -28 50 -39 60 -52 70 -65 80 -80 90 -98 100 -121 Fit polynomial models of degrees 1, 2, and 3 to predict the entropy (y) from the concentration (x). a. b. Which degree polynomial is the most appropriate? Explain. Using the most appropriate model, find 99% confidence intervals for the coefficients. C.arrow_forwardThe article "Enthalpies and Entropies of Transfer of Electrolytes and Ions from Water to Mixed Aqueous Organic Solvents" (G. Hefter, Y. Marcus, and W. Waghome, Chemical Reviews, 2002-2773-2836) presents measurements of entropy and enthalpy changes for many salts under a variety of conditions. The following table presents the results for enthalpy of transfer (in kJ/mol) from water to water + methanol of NaCi (table salt) for several concentrations of methanol. Four independent measurements were made at each concentration. Concentration (%) Enthalpy 1.62 1.60 1.62 1.66 10 3.56 3.35 2.69 2.66 2.72 2.73 20 3.45 3.65 3.52 30 3.18 3.40 3.06 a Is it plausible that the enthalpy is the same at all concentrations? Explain. b. Which pairs of concentrations, if any, can you conclude to have differing enthalpies?arrow_forwardThe article "Experimental Measurement of Radiative Heat Transfer in Gas-Solid Suspersion Flaw System" (G. Han, K. Tuxla, and J. Chen, AChe Journal, 2002:1910-1916) discusses the a radiometer. Several measurements were made on the electromotive force readings of the radiometer (in volts) and the radiation flux (in kilowatts per square meter). Signal Output, x Heat Flux, y Predicted/Fitted Residual 1.08 15 2.42 31 4.17 51 4,46 55 5.17 67 6.92 89 For this data, the least squares line is = 0.153 + 12.679 x. Find the predicted/fitted values for each observed x value and find the residual for each observed x value. What is the predicted value of a Signal Output of 5.17? Round your answer to 3 decimal places.arrow_forward
- The article "Experimental Design Approach for the Optimization of the Separation of Enantiomers in Preparative Liquid Chromatography" (S. Lai and Z. Lin, Separation Science and Technology, 2002: 847–875) describes an experiment involving a chemical process designed to separate enantiomers. A model was fit to estimate the cycle time (y) in terms of the flow rate (x1), sample concentration (x2), and mobile-phase composition (x3). The results of a least-squares fit are presented in the following table. (The article did not provide the value of the t statistic for the constant term.) Predictor Coefficient т Constant 1.603 X1 -0.619 -22.289 0.000 X2 0.086 3.084 0.018 0.306 11.011 0.000 0.272 8.542 0.000 0.057 1.802 0.115 0.105 3.300 0.013 X1X2 -0.022 -0.630 0.549 XXз -0.036 -1.004 0.349 X>Xз 0.036 1.018 0.343 Of the following, which is the best next step in the analysis? i. Nothing needs to be done. This model is fine. Drop x;, x;, and x from the model, and then perform an F test. iii. Drop…arrow_forwardThe article "Experimental Measurement of Radiative Heat Transfer in Gas-Solid Suspension Flow System" (G. Han, K. Tuzla, and J. Chen, AIChe Journal, 2002:1910- 1916) discusses the calibration of a radiometer. Several measurements were made on the electromotive force readings of the radiometer (in volts) and the radiation flux (in kilowatts per square meter). The results (read from a graph) are presented in the following table. Heat flux (y) 15 31 51 55 67 89 Signal output (x) 1.08 2.42 4.17 4.46 5.17 6.92 Compute the least-squares line for predicting heat flux from the signal output. If the radiometer reads 3.00 V, predict the heat flux. If the radiometer reads 8.00 V, should the heat flux be predicted? If so, predict it. If not, explain why. C.arrow_forward17.7 Butterfly wings. Researchers studied the morphological attributes of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus), a species that undertakes large seasonal migrations over North America. They measured the forewing weight (in milligrams, mg) of a sample of 92 monarch butterflies, all of which had been reared in captivity in identical conditions.° Figure 17.4 shows the output from the statistical software JMP. (The data are also available in the Large.Butterfly the data file if you wish to practice working with your own software.) Estimate with 95% confidence the mean forewing weight of monarch butterflies reared in captivity. Follow the four- step process as illustrated in Example 17.2. 4 STEP そMP FWweight 30 25 20 15 10 11 12 13 14 15 8 9 10 Summary Statistics Mean 11.795652 Std Dev 1.1759413 Std Err Mean 0.1226004 Upper 95% Mean Lower 95% Mean 1 FIGURE 17.4 Software output (JMP) for the forewing weight of monarch 12.039183 11.552122 92 N. butterflies. Countarrow_forward
- Q1. Consider the following cross-sectional population regression model relating the dependent variable Y, and regressor X, : Y, = Bo + BIXI + u, where i = 1,..,n, and X, = Y, + Z.. Assume that Cov(Z,u) 0. (a) Explain why X, is an endogenous regressor. (b) Show that Z, is a relevant instrument for X;. %3Darrow_forwardQ3) An experiment was carried out to investigate variation of solubility of chemical X in water. The quantities in kg that dissolved in 1 liter at various temperatures are show in the table (1). Table (1) Temperature C Mass of X 2.1 2.6 2.9 3.3 15 20 25 30 35 4 50 5.1 70 7 Use the proper methods to answer the following questions: a) Draw a scatter diagram to show the data. b) Estimate the temperature based on the mass of X. c) What quantity might be expected to dissolve at 42 C? Find the quantity that your cquation indicates would dissolve at 10 C and comment on your answer.arrow_forwardThe article “n-Nonane Hydroconversion on Ni and Pt Containing HMFI, HMOR and HBEA” (G. Kinger and H. Vinek, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2002:139–149) presents hydroconversion rates (in μmol/g · s) of n-nonane over both HMFI and HBEA catalysts. The results are as follows: HMFI: 0.43 0.93 1.91 2.56 3.72 6.19 11.00 HBEA: 0.73 1.12 1.24 2.93 Can you conclude that the mean rate differs between the two catalysts?arrow_forward
- In "Orthogonal Design for Process Optimization and Its Application to Plasma Etching" (Solid State Technology, May 1987), G. Z. Yin and D. W. Jillie describe an experiment to determine the effect of C2Fe flow rate on the uniformity of the etch on a silicon wafer used in integrated circuit manufacturing. Three flow rates are used in the experiment, and the resulting uniformity (in percent) for six replicates is shown below. Observations C„F. Flow (SCCM) 2 3 4 5 125 2.5 4.4 2.6 3.2 3.2 4.0 160 4.8 4.4 4.8 4.2 3.6 4.2 200 4.6 3.3 2.8 3.4 4.2 5.3 (a) Does C,F, flow rate affect etch uniformity? Construct box plots to compare the factor levels and perform the analysis of variance. Use a = 0.05. There is that flow rate affects etch uniformity. (b) Do the residuals indicate any problems with the underlying assumptions? No. Statistical Tables and Charts Yes.arrow_forwardA mass m moves along the x-axis subject to an attractive force given by 19mx/2 and a retarding force given by , where x is its distance from the origin and is a constant. A driving force given by , where A is a constant, is applied to the particle along the x-axis. Write down the equation of motion. What value of results in steady-state oscillations about the origin with maximum amplitude? What is the maximum amplitude? what is the Q value?arrow_forwardIn the article “Measurements of the Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Polymer Melts with the Short-Hot-Wire Method" (X. Zhang, W. Hendro, et al., International Journal of Thermophysics, 2002:1077–1090), the thermal diffusivity of a liquid measured by the transient short-hot-wire method is given by VIA nla where A is the thermal diffusivity; V and I are the voltage and current applied to the hot wire, respectively; 1 is the length of the wire; and A and a are quantities involving temperature whose values are estimated separately. In this article, the relative uncertainties of these quantities are given as follows: V, 0.01%; I, 0.01%; 1, 1%; A, 0.1%; a,1%. a. Find the relative uncertainty in 2. b. Which would reduce the relative uncertainty more: reducing the relative uncertainty in I to 0.5% or reducing the relative uncertainties in V, I, and A each to 0?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- MATLAB: An Introduction with ApplicationsStatisticsISBN:9781119256830Author:Amos GilatPublisher:John Wiley & Sons IncProbability and Statistics for Engineering and th...StatisticsISBN:9781305251809Author:Jay L. DevorePublisher:Cengage LearningStatistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...StatisticsISBN:9781305504912Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. WallnauPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...StatisticsISBN:9780134683416Author:Ron Larson, Betsy FarberPublisher:PEARSONThe Basic Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319042578Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. FlignerPublisher:W. H. FreemanIntroduction to the Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319013387Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. CraigPublisher:W. H. Freeman
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
Statistics
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305251809
Author:Jay L. Devore
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305504912
Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...
Statistics
ISBN:9780134683416
Author:Ron Larson, Betsy Farber
Publisher:PEARSON
The Basic Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319042578
Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. Fligner
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319013387
Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. Craig
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Introduction to experimental design and analysis of variance (ANOVA); Author: Dr. Bharatendra Rai;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSFo1MwLoxU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY