Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The differences between the first step in reactions of
Concept introduction:
Addition Reaction: It is defined as
In addition reaction of
Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.
Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.
Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves from a substrate with a pair of electrons via
Carbocation stability order:
(b)
Interpretation:
The product and reason for attack of
Concept introduction:
Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.
In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of
Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.
Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
- The electrophile in the reaction between Br2 and an alkene is the ion.arrow_forwardCompounds such as aldehyde and ketone may cause a hydration reaction, which is a nucleophilic addition reaction, by an acid or base catalyst. What's the role of the base catalyst?arrow_forward2-Methyl-2-butene reacts with HBr in the presence of peroxide to give a. a secondary alkyl bromide. b. a primary alkyl bromide. c. a tertiary alkyl bromide. d. a vicinal dibromide.arrow_forward
- 4. Draw the structure and name the first ten (10) members of Acid Halides using bromine as the halide.arrow_forwardWhat is the slow, rate-determining step, in the acid-catalyzed dehydration of 2- butanol? Loss of a b-hydrogen from the carbocation to form an alkene. Protonation of the alcohol to form an oxonium ion. Loss of water from the oxonium ion to form a carbocation. The simultaneous loss of a B-hydrogen and water from the oxonium ion.arrow_forwardN,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is the active ingredient in many insect repellent preparations. Following is one of the steps in its synthesis. In the box below draw the structure of the product of this reaction. H3C MgBr 1. CO₂ 2. H₂O* product • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. • Do not include lone pairs in your answer. They will not be considered in the grading. • Draw the Grignard reagent as a covalent magnesium bromide.arrow_forward
- B) 21. What is a major product of the conjugate addition reaction shown in the box? 1. Base 130 (= neutralization) Ph CO,Et 1305 130 4d.arrow_forwardN,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is the active ingredient in many insect repellent preparations. Following is one of the steps in its synthesis. In the box below draw the structure of the product of this reaction. H3C MgBr 1. CO2 2. H3O+ product • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. • Do not include lone pairs in your answer. They will not be considered in the grading. • Draw the Grignard reagent as a covalent magnesium bromide. 90-87 0 + 11 ? n [arrow_forwardBased on the characteristics of the carbonyl group (C = O), what reactions or transformations take place with aldehydes and ketones? a. nucleophilic additions by oxygenb. electrophilic additions by carbon attackc. nucleophilic additions by carbon attackd. electrophilic substitutions through a carbocationand. acid-base because carbonyl can act as both an electrophile and a nucleophilearrow_forward
- Write the equation for the following reactions: a. 2-butene + HCI b. 1,2-dichloro-1-propene + water c. Propyne + oxygen d. 1, 3-pentadiene + bromine e. cis-3,3,4-trimethyl-1-hexene + H₂ parrow_forwardThis molecule reacts with HBr to form an alkyl halide. Would this reaction be sn1 or Sn2 and explain the reasoningarrow_forwardConsider the reaction of 1-butanol with PBr3. Draw the structure of the major organic product. ● ● ● You do not have to consider stereochemistry. You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. Do not include counter-ions, e.g., Na+, I-, in your answer. If the given reaction has more than one step, give only the final product. If no reaction occurs, draw the organic starting material. Sn [F ? ChemDoodleⓇarrow_forward
EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC LChemistryISBN:9781305446021Author:LampmanPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT