Booted Eagles. The rare booted eagle of western Europe was the focus of a study by S. Suarez et al. to identify optimal nesting habitat for this raptor. According to their paper “Nesting Habitat Selection by Booted Eagles (Hieraaetus pennatus) and Implications for Management” (Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 37, pp. 215–223), the distances of such nests to the nearest marshland are
- a. P(Y > 5).
- b. P(3 ≤ Y ≤ 6).
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- A researcher is interested in exploring the relationship between calcium intake and weight loss. Two different groups, each with 2828 dieters, are chosen for the study. Group A is required to follow a specific diet and exercise regimen, and also take a 500500-mg supplement of calcium each day. Group B is required to follow the same diet and exercise regimen, but with no supplemental calcium. After six months on the program, the members of Group A had lost a mean of 15.215.2 pounds with a standard deviation of 2.52.5 pounds. The members of Group B had lost a mean of 12.312.3 pounds with a standard deviation of 1.91.9 pounds during the same time period. Assume that the population variances are not the same. Construct a 95%95% confidence interval to estimate the true difference between the mean amounts of weight lost by dieters who supplement with calcium and those who do not. Let Population 1 be the amount of weight lost by Group A, who took a 500500-mg supplement of calcium each day,…arrow_forward4. Medicinal value of plants. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae), a plant that typically grows at high altitudes in Europe and Asia, has been found to have medicinal value. The medicinal properties of berries collected from sea buckthorn were investigated in Academia Journal of Medicinal Plants (Aug. 2013). The following variables were measured for each plant sampled. Identify each as producing quantitative or qualitative data. Species of sea buckthorn (H. rhamnoides, H. gyantsensis, H. neurocarpa, H. tibetana, or H. salicifolia) Altitude of collection location (meters) Total flavonoid content in berries (milligrams per gram) а. b. с.arrow_forwardAmbulance response time. Ambulance response time is measured as the time (in minutes) between the initial call to emergency medical services (EMS) and when the pa-tient is reached by ambulance. Geographical Analysis (Vol. 41, 2009) investigated the characteristics of ambu-lance response time for EMS calls in Edmonton, Alberta. For a particular EMS station (call it Station A), ambulance response time is known to be normally distributed with ?=7.5 minutes and ? = 2.5 minutes. a.Regulations require that 90% of all emergency calls should be reached in 9 minutes or less. Are the regulations met at EMS station A? Explain. b.A randomly selected EMS call in Edmonton has an ambulance response time of 2 minutes. Is it likely that this call was serviced by Station A? Explain.arrow_forward
- What variables do Teczar find have the most significant controlled associations with women in national parliaments?arrow_forwardRecent research indicates that the effectiveness of anti-depressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead. Kolts, and Brown, 2005). Based on pre-treatment dcprcssion scores, paticnts werc divlded into four groups based on their level of depi ession. After receiving the antidepression medication, depi ession scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for cach pcrsion. The following data are similar to the results of the study. Moderately High Moderate Moderate Low Severe Severe 4 5 N= 16 2 3 6 6 G= 48 +a 2 2. 2 6 ΣΧ- 2 4 M=2.5 M=2 M=4 M-5 T= 10 T= 8 T= 16 T=20 SS=. .. SS=2 SS=8 SS- 6 A, Complete the places marking by ... and answer the question whether the data indicate significant difference among the four levels of severity? Test with a= 0.05. B, Compute n', the percentage of variance expressed by group difference.arrow_forwardThe article "Prediction of Performance and Evaluation of Flexible Pavement Rehabilitation Strategies" (K. Lee, K. Wilson, and S. Hassan, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2017:178–184), describes methods used to rehabilitate Route 165 in the town of Exeter, Rhode Island. The following table presents monthly counts of two-axle and five- axle trucks during a recent year. The results are presented in the following table. Month Two-axle Five-axle Difference January 1168 1301 -133 February 1466 1495 -29 March 1389 1966 -577 2136 April May 1691 -445 2116 2015 101 June 2109 2180 -71 2115 July August September 2432 317 2523 2064 459 2408 2234 174 October 1899 2144 -245 November 1296 1781 -485 December 1333 1625 -292 Can you conclude that the monthly means differ between the two types of trucks?arrow_forward
- 1.) Standing eye heights of women are normally distributed with a mean of 1516 mm and a standarddeviation of 63 mm (based on anthropometric survey data from Gordon, Churchill, et al.).a.) A door peephole is placed at a height that is uncomfortable for women with standing eye heightsgreater than 1605 mm. What percentage of women will find that height uncomfortable?b.) In selecting the height of a new door peephole, the architect wants its height to be suitable for thehighest 99% of standing eye heights for women. What standing eye height of women separates thehighest 99% from the lowest 1%?c.) What percentage of women have a standing eye height between 1420 mm and 1560 mm?d.) What is the probability that a group of twenty women have an average standing eye height that isless than 1500 mm? Even though our sample size is less than thirty, why can the Central Limit Theoremstill apply here?arrow_forwardA researcher is interested in exploring the relationship between calcium intake and weight loss. Two different groups, each with 21dieters, are chosen for the study. Group A is required to follow a specific diet and exercise regimen, and also take a 500-mg supplement of calcium each day. Group B is required to follow the same diet and exercise regimen, but with no supplemental calcium. After six months on the program, the members of Group A had lost a mean of 12.2 pounds with a standard deviation of 2.5 pounds. The members of Group B had lost a mean of 14.7 pounds with a standard deviation of 2.3 pounds during the same time period. Assume that the population variances are not the same. Construct a 90%90% confidence interval to estimate the true difference between the mean amounts of weight lost by dieters who supplement with calcium and those who do not. Let Population 1 be the amount of weight lost by Group A, who took a 500-mg supplement of calcium each day, and let Population 2 be…arrow_forwardA climatologist is interested in comparing the frequency of cloud cover in Thunder Bay and Sudbury. Data is collected from 500 days chosen at random from Thunder Bay and 500 more from Sudbury, each indicating whether or not there was significant cloud cover on that day in that city. How many cases are in the data set? 2 998 499 1000 500arrow_forward
- The variables in this dataset are as follows: Weight (weight of the respondent), Race (race of the respondent), HAPMAR (happiness with marriage), and AreaCode (area code). 1. What is the scale of measurement of these four different variables?arrow_forwardThe article "The Role of Niche Breadth, Resource Availability and Range Position on the Life History of Butterflies" (A Komonen, A Grapputo, et al, Oikos, 2004:41-54) describes a study of several species of butterflies found in Finland. The following table presents the mean wingspan (in mm) and the flight period, defined as the mean number of days of appearance in the winged state, for 23 species in the family Lycnenidoe. Wingspan Flight Period 35.5 19.8 30.6 17.3 30.0 27.5 32.3 22.4 23.9 40.7 27.7 18.3 25.9 32.5 31.3 27.5 23.0 31.0 26.3 37.4 23.7 22.6 27.1 23.1 28.8 25.9 35.9 23.1 23.0 53.1 24.6 28.1 38.8 36.5 25.4 24.0 28.1 18.5 25.9 32.3 28.8 29.1 31.4 37.0 28.5 33.7 Compute the least-squares line for predicting the flight period (y) from wingspan (x). b. Compute 95% confidence intervals for B, and B,- a. Two butterflies differ in wingspan by 2 mm. By how much do you estimate that their flight periods will differ? d. Can you conclude that species of butterflies with larger wingspans…arrow_forwardThe article "Vehicle-Arrival Characteristics at Urban Uncontrolled Intersections" (V. Rengaraju and V. Rao, Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1995: 317-323) presents data on traffic characteristics at 10 intersections in Madras, India. One characteristic measured was the speeds of the vehicles traveling through the intersections. The accompanying table gives the 15th, 50th, and 85th percentiles of speed (in km/h) for two intersections. Percentile Intersection 15th 50th 85th 27.5 37.5 40.0 в 24.5 26.5 36.0 If a histogram for speeds of vehicles through intersection A were drawn, would it most likely be skewed to the left, skewed to the right, or approximately symmetric? Explain. b. If a histogram for speeds of vehicles through intersection B were drawn, would it most likely be skewed to the left, skewed to the right, or approximately symmetric? Explain. a.arrow_forward
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