Chapter 6, Problem 62A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To locate the position of the given element in the periodic table and to determine whether they form anion or cation.

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is a columnar structure that organizes different elements into groups based on how they behave. The elements in the periodic table of today are ordered according to the periodic law. The elements are organized in the modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic number. When elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic number, periodic trends are observed in certain properties.

Answer to Problem 62A

Period 3, group 1, sodium form cation

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration of Na is

  $1s^{1}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^1$

Sodium has three shells and contains 1 outermost electron. So, its position is period 3 group 1.

As only 1 electron is present in the outermost shell, it removes to gain noble gas electronic configuration, so sodium will cation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To locate the position of the given element in the periodic table and to determine whether they form anion or cation

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is a columnar structure that organizes different elements into groups based on how they behave. The elements in the periodic table of today are ordered according to the periodic law. The elements are organized in the modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic number. When elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic number, periodic trends are observed in certain properties.

Answer to Problem 62A

Period 2, group 17, fluorine anion

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of F is

  $1s^{1}2s^{2}2p^5$

Fluorine has two shells, and the outer shell contains 7 outermost electrons. So, its position is period 2 group 17.

As only 1 electron is required to gain noble gas electronic configuration, so fluorine will anion.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To locate the position of the given element in the periodic table and to determine whether they form anion or cation

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is a columnar structure that organizes different elements into groups based on how they behave. The elements in the periodic table of today are ordered according to the periodic law. The elements are organized in the modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic number. When elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic number, periodic trends are observed in certain properties.

Answer to Problem 62A

Period 4, group 2, cation

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Ca is

  $2,8,8,2$

Calcium has four shells, and the outer shell contains 2 outermost electrons. So, its position is period 4 group 2.

As only 2 electrons are removed to gain noble gas electronic configuration, so calcium will form a cation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To locate the position of the given element in the periodic table and to determine whether they form anion or cation

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is a columnar structure that organizes different elements into groups based on how they behave. The elements in the periodic table of today are ordered according to the periodic law. The elements are organized in the modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic number. When elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic number, periodic trends are observed in certain properties.

Answer to Problem 62A

Period 4, group 1, cation

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of K is

  $2,8,8,1$

Potassium has four shells, and the outer shell contains 1 outermost electron. So, its position is period 4 group 1.

As only 1 electron is removed to gain noble gas electronic configuration, so potassium will form a cation.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To locate the position of the given element in the periodic table and to determine whether they form anion or cation

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is a columnar structure that organizes different elements into groups based on how they behave. The elements in the periodic table of today are ordered according to the periodic law. The elements are organized in the modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic number. When elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic number, periodic trends are observed in certain properties.

Answer to Problem 62A

Period 5, group 17, anion

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of I is

  $\left[\text{Kr}\right]4d^{10}5s^{2}5p^5$

Iodine has five shells, and the outer shell contains 7 outermost electrons. So, its position is period 5 group 17.

As only 1 electron is required to gain noble gas electronic configuration, so iodine will form an anion.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To locate the position of the given element in the periodic table and to determine whether they form anion or cation

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is a columnar structure that organizes different elements into groups based on how they behave. The elements in the periodic table of today are ordered according to the periodic law. The elements are organized in the modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic number. When elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic number, periodic trends are observed in certain properties.

Answer to Problem 62A

Period 2, group 2, cation

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Be is

  $2,2$

Beryllium has two shells, and the outer shell contains 2 outermost electrons. So, its position is period 2 group 2.

As only 2 electrons are removed to gain noble gas electronic configuration, so beryllium will form a cation.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To locate the position of the given element in the periodic table and to determine whether they form anion or cation

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is a columnar structure that organizes different elements into groups based on how they behave. The elements in the periodic table of today are ordered according to the periodic law. The elements are organized in the modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic number. When elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic number, periodic trends are observed in certain properties.

Answer to Problem 62A

Period 3, group 16, anion

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of O is

  $1s^{1}2s^{2}2p^4$

Fluorine has two shells, and the outer shell contains 6 outermost electrons. So, its position is period 2 group 16.

As only 2 electrons are required to gain noble gas electronic configuration, so oxygen will anion.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To locate the position of the given element in the periodic table and to determine whether they form anion or cation

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is a columnar structure that organizes different elements into groups based on how they behave. The elements in the periodic table of today are ordered according to the periodic law. The elements are organized in the modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic number. When elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic number, periodic trends is observed in certain properties.

Answer to Problem 62A

Period 2, group 1, cation

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Li is

  $2,1$

Lithium has two shells, and the outer shell contains 1 outermost electron. So, its position is period 2 group 1.

As only 1 electron is removed to gain noble gas electronic configuration, so lithium will form a cation.