Chapter 6, Problem 39A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The difference between the first ionization energy and the second ionization energy is to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

The periodic table is a columnar structure that organizes different elements into groups based on how they behave. The elements in the periodic table of today are ordered according to the periodic law. The elements are organized in the modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic number.

Answer to Problem 39A

The second ionization energy is higher than the first ionization energy.

Explanation of Solution

The first ionization energy is the energy needed for the removal of the outermost electron from the neutral gaseous atom.

  $X\left(g\right)+I{E}_1\to X^{+}\left(g\right)+e^{-}$

While second ionization energy is the energy needed for the removal of the outermost electron from the unipositive gaseous ion.

  $X^{+}\left(g\right)+I{E}_2\to X^{2+}\left(g\right)+e^{-}$

The second ionization energy is higher than the first because the electrons are strongly linked to the positive atom by an increased attraction force.

Conclusion

After removing one electron, there is a stronger nuclear pull, which makes removing the next electron more difficult and energy-intensive.