Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134395326
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Suzanne M. Keller
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 6, Problem 37CT
Chemical A binds and blocks acetylcholine recep-tors of muscle cells. Chemical B floods the cyto-plasm of muscle cells with calcium ions. Which chemical would make the best muscle relaxant, and why?
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Group of answer choices
An increased frequency of action potentials would lead to decreased calcium levels in the SR
A decreased frequency of action potentials would lead to decreased calcium levels in the SR
An increased frequency of action potentials would lead to increased calcium levels in the SR
A decreased frequency of action potentials would lead to increased calcium levels in the SR
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology (12th Edition)
Ch. 6 - If you compare electron micrographs of a relaxed...Ch. 6 - After ACh attaches to its receptors at the...Ch. 6 - Your ability to lift that heavy couch would be...Ch. 6 - 4. Doing the pincer grasp is an ___________...Ch. 6 - 5. Which are ways in which muscle names have...Ch. 6 - 6. Which of the following muscles attach to the...Ch. 6 - Which of these thigh muscles causes movement at...Ch. 6 - 8. Which of the following insert on the...Ch. 6 - What is major function of muscle?Ch. 6 - Compare skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles in...
Ch. 6 - What two types of muscle tissue are striated?Ch. 6 - 12. Why are the connective tissue wrappings of...Ch. 6 - Prob. 13SAECh. 6 - Prob. 14SAECh. 6 - Prob. 15SAECh. 6 - Prob. 16SAECh. 6 - Prob. 17SAECh. 6 - Prob. 18SAECh. 6 - 19. List the 12 body movements studied in this...Ch. 6 - Prob. 20SAECh. 6 - If you were alternately contracting and relaxing...Ch. 6 - The sternocleidomastoid muscles help to flex the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 23SAECh. 6 - Name the prime mover of elbow flexion. Name its...Ch. 6 - Prob. 25SAECh. 6 - The hamstring and quadriceps muscle groups are...Ch. 6 - 27. What two-bellied muscle makes up the calf...Ch. 6 - 28. What happens to muscles when they are...Ch. 6 - Prob. 29SAECh. 6 - 30. Should a triathlete engage in aerobic or...Ch. 6 - Prob. 31SAECh. 6 - Prob. 32SAECh. 6 - Prob. 33CTCh. 6 - Prob. 34CTCh. 6 - Prob. 35CTCh. 6 - 36. When Eric returned from jogging, he was...Ch. 6 - 37. Chemical A binds and blocks acetylcholine...Ch. 6 - Kendra’s broken leg was in a cast for 8 weeks....
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- After death, a person no longer makes ATP, so calcium stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum diffuses down its concentration gradient into the muscle cytoplasm. This result is rigor mortis----an unbreakable state of muscle contraction that stiffens the body for a few days until muscles begin to decay. Explain why this contraction occurs.arrow_forwardFrom the following choices, choose the THREE, that would result in prevention of muscle contraction (in other words, which three descriptive changes below would result in flaccid paralysis of a muscle). exocytosis of acetylcholine is constant, even without action potential injection of botulinum toxin calcium cannot be pumped back into the terminal cisternae acetylcholine receptor remains open to sodium active sites on actin a permanently exposed dramatically increase the activity of acetylcholinesterase calcium cannot bind troponinarrow_forwardWhat would happen to muscle function if you ingested a toxin that completely inactivated troponin? The toxin inhibits its ability to change conformation. How would this affect muscle contraction?arrow_forward
- When the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) binds the acetylcholine receptor (a GPCR) on muscle cells, it causes them to contract. ZIGGY, a chemical analog of ACh, also binds to the same acetylcholine receptor on muscle cells, but instead causes the muscle cells to relax. For this reason, it is sometimes prescribed as a muscle relaxer. Explain in 3-4 sentences how ZIGGY could cause muscle relaxation. How can both ZIGGY and ACh bind the same GPCR? And then how can they have different effects on the cells, despite binding to the same receptor on the same cells?arrow_forwardTable1.Contractionofsmoothmusclebythreeagonists Contractileresponse(mm) Loglagonist] (M) -10 -9 -8.5 -8 -7.5 -7 -6.5 -6 -5.5 -5 -4.5 -4 agonist-1 0.2 1.8 4 9.8 14.8 18 19.6 19.4 20 20 20 20 agonist-2 0.2 1 2.6 4 7.6 8.8 9.6 9.8 10 10 agonist-3 0.2 2 5.2 10 14.8 18 19.6 20 a) Experiments were performed on the contraction of smooth muscleusingincreasingconcentrationsofthreeagonistsandtherespo nsesare given in Table 1. The maximum response of the system was 20mm contraction. Calculate the % maximum response of the systemforeachconcentrationofagonistandplotgraphsshowingthede pendence of the response on log [agonist]. Compare the threeagonists in terms of their maximal effect and their potency usingpharmacologicalterms. EIN 5arrow_forwardhen an action potential arrives at the nerve terminal of a neuromuscular junction, which of the following statements best describes the events that occur? Depolarisation of the nerve terminal causes the release of ACh which activates nicotinic receptors on the skeletal muscle membrane to cause Ca2+ entry and muscle contraction. Depolarisation of the nerve terminal opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ entry brings vesicles containing ACh to the membrane which form fusion pores causing the release of ACh which activates voltage-gated Na+ channels at the end-plate. Depolarisation of the nerve terminal opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ entry brings vesicles containing ACh to the membrane which form fusion pores causing the release of ACh which binds to muscarinic receptors at the end plate. Depolarisation of the nerve terminal opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ entry brings vesicles containing ACh to the membrane which form fusion pores…arrow_forward
- If ligand-gated K+ channels were to open in an unstimulated muscle fiber,how would this affect the resting membrane potential?arrow_forwardcompare and contrast the action of actin & myosin.arrow_forwardA muscle cell contains acetylcholine receptors that act as ligand-gated cation channels,and it also contains voltage-gated Na+ channels of the type found in neurons. Intheory, could a muscle cell get away with having only acetylcholine-gated cationchannels, which would serve the dual purpose of receiving neurotransmitter signalsand propagating action potentials? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- are these True or False? Receptors on the post-synaptic cell membrane that bind the acetylcholine are voltage-gated channels (channels that open in response to a change in the electrical charge of the membrane). When a muscle cell is not contracting its cell membrane is negative on the inner surface. The effect of a neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to modify its ion permeability properties temporarily.arrow_forwardPut these events that occur in skeletal muscle in the correct chronological sequence: 1. Activation of voltage-gated dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor in the T-tubule 2. Opening of mechanically-gated ryanodine receptors (RyR) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum 3. Na+ influx through ligand-gated ion channels on the motor end plate 4. Ca2+ binding to troponin 2, 1, 4, 3 4, 3, 2, 1 4, 3, 1, 2 3, 1, 4, 2 3, 1, 2, 4arrow_forwardPlease fill in the blanks: A(n) ["action potential", "muscle twitch", "contraction"] consists of a wave of depolarization that moves along the plasma membrane of a neuron or a muscle fiber. This wave of depolarization is immediately followed by repolarization. Depolarization is when the cell's membrane potential becomes more ["resting", "negative", "positive"] . Depolarization occurs when calcium channels open in the plasma membrane. Repolarization is when the cell's membrane potential becomes more ["resting", "positive", "negative"] , returning the cell to its resting potential. Repolarization occurs when ["calcium", "sodium", "potassium"] channels close and ["sodium", "calcium", "potassium"] channels open.arrow_forward
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