Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134395326
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Suzanne M. Keller
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 6, Problem 15SAE
Summary Introduction
To review:
The events that occur during contraction of muscle cell starting from the entry of the calcium ions at the axon terminal at the neuromuscular junction.
Introduction:
Prior to a muscle contraction, the impulses are sent by the motor neurons through the axon terminals. The axon terminals are connected through the synaptic vesicles to the sarcolemma of the muscle cell. The impulse is transferred with the help of calcium ions.
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Describe the basic sequence of events that occurs at the neuromuscular junction and in the muscle cell during excitation and excitation-contraction coupling.
Put these events that occur in skeletal muscle in the correct chronological sequence:
1. Activation of voltage-gated dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor in the T-tubule
2. Opening of mechanically-gated ryanodine receptors (RyR) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum
3. Na+ influx through ligand-gated ion channels on the motor end plate
4. Ca2+ binding to troponin
2, 1, 4, 3
4, 3, 2, 1
4, 3, 1, 2
3, 1, 4, 2
3, 1, 2, 4
Describe the Neural excitation of the muscle and Describe how a signal arriving at the axon terminal results in calcium being released from the Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Chapter 6 Solutions
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology (12th Edition)
Ch. 6 - If you compare electron micrographs of a relaxed...Ch. 6 - After ACh attaches to its receptors at the...Ch. 6 - Your ability to lift that heavy couch would be...Ch. 6 - 4. Doing the pincer grasp is an ___________...Ch. 6 - 5. Which are ways in which muscle names have...Ch. 6 - 6. Which of the following muscles attach to the...Ch. 6 - Which of these thigh muscles causes movement at...Ch. 6 - 8. Which of the following insert on the...Ch. 6 - What is major function of muscle?Ch. 6 - Compare skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles in...
Ch. 6 - What two types of muscle tissue are striated?Ch. 6 - 12. Why are the connective tissue wrappings of...Ch. 6 - Prob. 13SAECh. 6 - Prob. 14SAECh. 6 - Prob. 15SAECh. 6 - Prob. 16SAECh. 6 - Prob. 17SAECh. 6 - Prob. 18SAECh. 6 - 19. List the 12 body movements studied in this...Ch. 6 - Prob. 20SAECh. 6 - If you were alternately contracting and relaxing...Ch. 6 - The sternocleidomastoid muscles help to flex the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 23SAECh. 6 - Name the prime mover of elbow flexion. Name its...Ch. 6 - Prob. 25SAECh. 6 - The hamstring and quadriceps muscle groups are...Ch. 6 - 27. What two-bellied muscle makes up the calf...Ch. 6 - 28. What happens to muscles when they are...Ch. 6 - Prob. 29SAECh. 6 - 30. Should a triathlete engage in aerobic or...Ch. 6 - Prob. 31SAECh. 6 - Prob. 32SAECh. 6 - Prob. 33CTCh. 6 - Prob. 34CTCh. 6 - Prob. 35CTCh. 6 - 36. When Eric returned from jogging, he was...Ch. 6 - 37. Chemical A binds and blocks acetylcholine...Ch. 6 - Kendra’s broken leg was in a cast for 8 weeks....
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- Explain why (a) calcium ions and (b) ACh are vital for muscle contraction.arrow_forwardFigure 38.37 Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is true? The power stroke occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the myosin head. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the actin active site. The power stroke occurs when Ca2+ binds the calcium head.arrow_forwardDescribe the process of muscle contraction from excitation-contraction coupling to relaxation. This includes all the steps at the neuromuscular junction.arrow_forward
- Put these events that occur in skeletal muscle in the correct chronological sequence: 1. Opening of mechanically-gated ryanodine receptors (RyR) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum 2. Ca²+ binding to troponin to initiate contraction 3. Activation of voltage-gated dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor in the T-tubule 4. Na+ influx through ligand-gated ion channels on the motor end plate 4, 3, 2, 1 2, 1, 4, 3 3, 1, 2, 4 4, 3, 1, 2 3, 1, 4, 2arrow_forwardDescribe the major events that occur when a muscle fiber contracts. Include all chemicals, structures and processes at a microscopic level starting at the neuromuscular junction and ending with the relaxation of the muscle fiberarrow_forwardIdentify the steps that show how an action potentialproduced in the motor end-plate of the neuromuscularjunction eventually results in contraction of the muscle fiber.arrow_forward
- Describe the function and source of calcium ions in initiatingcontraction in skeletal muscle?arrow_forwardDescribe the structural features of a neuromuscular junction andthe role of acetylcholine in mediating skeletal muscle excitation.arrow_forwardA) Assuming that each individual muscle fiber generates the same amount of tension, which of the following skeletal muscles will produce the greatest amount of overall tension when fully stimulated? Muscle Total Number of Muscle Fibers in Muscle A 150 B 1000 C 600 Group of answer choices Muscle A Muscle B Muscle C B)The following list of events take place during a muscle contraction. Place the events in chronological order as they relate to a muscle contraction. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Myosin heads bind to actin. An action potential arrives at the axon terminal of a motor neuron. Calcium binds to troponin, displacing tropomyosin and exposing myosin head binding sites on actin. Myosin heads undergo power stroke and actin slides over myosin towards M line of sarcomere. Acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction.arrow_forward
- Describe the innervation of skeletal muscle fibers at neuromuscular junctions. Define a motor unitarrow_forwardDefine a motor unit. Of what physiological advantage is a small motor unit arrangement in skeletal muscle? Explain why a latent period is observed between the application of a stimulus and contraction of the stimulated muscle.arrow_forwardList and describe the events that take place (and the structuresinvolved) between excitation of the skeletal muscle cellmembrane by an action potential and the initiation of cross-bridge action.arrow_forward
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