Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 6, Problem 2AC
Refute the following: “According to evolutionary theory, organisms have Increased in complexity through time. However, an increase in complexity contradicts the second law of
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Many reactions in metabolism are thermodynamically unfavorable (ie-the reaction
DOES NOT favor the products).
1) Explain how these reactions are driven in metabolism.
(THIS CAN BE ANSWERED IN ONE SENTENCE CONTAINING APPROX 8-10
WORDS!)
2) Evolution has selected for a particular molecule to be the "energy currency" of
life.
What is that molecule? Briefly describe what makes this molecule the favored
"energy currency" over other similar types of molecules.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 6.1 - Energy Unleashed Much like a cars engine, the...Ch. 6.1 - define energy and work?Ch. 6.1 - define potential energy and kinetic energy and...Ch. 6.1 - State and explain the first and second laws of...Ch. 6.2 - Is glucose breakdown endergonic or exergonic? What...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 6.2 - describe how energy is captured and released by...Ch. 6.2 - explain exergonic and endergonic reactions and...Ch. 6.2 - explain activation energy?
Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 6.3 - In hope of reducing plastic waste, some towns and...Ch. 6.3 - name and describe two important energy-carrier...Ch. 6.3 - explain coupled reactions?Ch. 6.4 - Can an enzyme catalyst make an endergonic reaction...Ch. 6.4 - You may have seen the almost magical glow of...Ch. 6.4 - explain how catalysts reduce activation energy?Ch. 6.4 - explain how enzymes function as biological...Ch. 6.5 - Health Watch Lack of an Enzyme Leads to Lactose...Ch. 6.5 - describe how cells regulate the rate at which...Ch. 6.5 - explain how poisons, drugs, and environmental...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 6 - Which of the following is True? a. Enzymes...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 6 - Prob. 3MCCh. 6 - Prob. 4MCCh. 6 - Prob. 5MCCh. 6 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 1RQCh. 6 - Prob. 2RQCh. 6 - Prob. 3RQCh. 6 - Prob. 4RQCh. 6 - Prob. 5RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6RQCh. 6 - Prob. 7RQCh. 6 - While vacuuming, you show off by telling a friend...Ch. 6 - Refute the following: According to evolutionary...Ch. 6 - Can a bear use all the energy contained in the...
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- Which of the following statements best describes a relationship between the evolution of multicellular life on Earth and the laws of thermodynamics? Evolution represents a rare exception to the second law of thermodynamics because it has resulted in such a vast diversity of complex organisms. Evolution has occurred in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics and resulted in a decrease in the entropy of the universe. Evolution has occurred in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics and resulted in a substantial increase in the total energy in the universe. Evolution has occurred in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics and resulted in an increase in the entropy of the universe.arrow_forwardEVOLUTION LINK Some have argued that evolution is impossible because the second law of thermodynamics states that entropy always increases; therefore natural processes cannot give rise to greater complexity. In what ways is this statement a misunderstanding of the laws of thermodynamics?arrow_forwardThe first law of thermodynamics states that the amount of energy in the universe is constant, but that the various forms of energy can be interconverted. Describe four different types of such energy transduction that occur in living organisms and provide one example for eacharrow_forward
- Life is sometimes described as a constant struggle against the second law of thermodynamics. How do organisms succeed in this struggle?arrow_forwardWhy is it not enough to just rely on either thermodynamic data alone ... Or kinetic (rate of reaction) data alone to predict the possible occurrence of a chemical reaction?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE regarding the second law of thermodynamics? The quality of the energy in the universe increases over time. The entropy of the universe is always increasing. Energy is conserved in the universe. The energy of the universe is always increasing. Entropy is conserved in the universe.arrow_forward
- The second law of thermodynamics tells us that life evolved in a universe that tends towards disorder. Gases expand to fill the space enclosing them, dissolved molecules spread throughout the solvent containing them, and large molecules fall apart to become smaller ones. Despite this, we know that cells can make large molecules and break them down. Because of the first law of thermodynamics, (energy can't be created or destroyed, but it can be converted between forms) cells can carry out anabolism and catabolism. For example, they can make and breakdown fatty acids. In this question you will consider the strategies cells and enzymes used to perform these processes in the context of biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. Compare and contrast fatty acid biosynthesis and -oxidation.arrow_forwardThe second law of thermodynamics, in a very general sense, states that entropy (S) is always increasing. ASuniverse AS system + AS surroundings > 0 When phospholipids are dispersed in an aqueous solution, they will often form more ordered structures in the form of micelles, liposomes, or lipid bilayers. This behavior seemingly contradicts the second law of thermodynamics. Why is this behavior in agreement with the second law of thermodynamics? Liposome Micelle Bilayer sheetarrow_forwardImagine puffer fish swimming towards north at an angle of 90 In which habitat does it survive happily? What is effect of change in internal energy of liver of puffer fish due to global warming? Comment on above statement by keeping in view the first law of thermodynamics.arrow_forward
- How it is that cells are making larger, more complex molecules, yet they do not defy the second law of thermodynamics? (note: cells are open systems not closed)arrow_forward1) Which of the following statements is true for the Second Law of Thermodynamics? a) ΔS (Sfinal-Sinitial) for the system is negative. b) The living system is not exchanging heat nor matter. c) Energy is conserved in the universe. d) The biological system never reach equilibrium.arrow_forwardLiving systems may appear to violate the second law of thermodynamics because living thingsmaintain a high degree of organization despite a universal trend toward increasingdisorganization. What is the explanation for this apparent paradox?arrow_forward
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