Concept explainers
To determine: The way by which life can maintain its order in spite of the second law of
Introduction: Living organisms are highly ordered organisms and live in the surrounding inorganic world with other living beings. The second law of thermodynamics states that transfer o energy from one form to another results in an overall increase in disorder which is called entropy of thermodynamics.
To determine: Whether living organisms are defying the second law of thermodynamics or not.
Introduction: Living organisms are highly ordered organisms and live in the surrounding inorganic world with other living beings. The second law of thermodynamics states that transfer o energy from one form to another results in an overall increase in disorder which is called entropy of thermodynamics.
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Biology
- what is the importance of the first law of thermodynamics in biological systems, especially living organisms?arrow_forwardRefute the following: “According to evolutionary theory, organisms have increased in complexity through time. However, an increase in complexity contradicts the second law of thermodynamics. Therefore, evolution is impossible.”arrow_forwardMany reactions in metabolism are thermodynamically unfavorable (ie-the reaction DOES NOT favor the products). 1) Explain how these reactions are driven in metabolism. (THIS CAN BE ANSWERED IN ONE SENTENCE CONTAINING APPROX 8-10 WORDS!) I 2) Evolution has selected for a particular molecule to be the "energy currency" of life. What is that molecule? Briefly describe what makes this molecule the favored "energy currency" over other similar types of molecules. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt ✓ Paragraph BIUA T²arrow_forward
- The existence of life is dependents on bioenergetics to overcome the restrictions of thermodynamics. What does the term bioenergetics mean? Provide one well-structured example of how bioenergetics provides the necessary conditions required for life to exist given the restrictions of thermodynamics.arrow_forwardMany reactions in metabolism are thermodynamically unfavorable (ie-the reaction DOES NOT favor the products). 1) Explain how these reactions are driven in metabolism. (THIS CAN BE ANSWERED IN ONE SENTENCE CONTAINING APPROX 8-10 WORDS!) 2) Evolution has selected for a particular molecule to be the "energy currency" of life. What is that molecule? Briefly describe what makes this molecule the favored "energy currency" over other similar types of molecules.arrow_forwardWhy the endergonic reactions are thermodynamically unfavorable?Although endergonic reactions are thermodynamically unfavorable, yet many such reactions occur in the human body. Suppose the human body is an isolated system. Then how those reactions can be carried out in the human body?arrow_forward
- Figure 6.8 Look at each of the processes shown, and decide if it is endergonic or exergonic. In each case, does enthalpy increase or decrease, and does entropy increase or decrease?arrow_forwardImagine you are working in a lab, and you are performing two chemical reactions. You notice that Reaction A occurs much faster than Reaction B, and that both reactions release the same amount of heat. Which of the following conclusions can be made from your observation? Reaction A has the same activation energy as Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is more negative (i.e., a larger negative number) than the AG for Reaction B. Reaction A has a lower activation energy than Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is the same as the AG of Reaction B. Reaction A has a higher activation energy than Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is the same as the AG of Reaction B. Reaction A has the same activation energy as Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is less negative (i.e., a smaller negative number) than the AG for Reaction B.arrow_forwardThe evolution of life requires the organization of a very large number of molecules into biological cells. Does the formation of living organisms violate the Second Law of thermodynamics? State your conclusion clearly and present detailed arguments to support it.arrow_forward
- Living systems may appear to violate the second law of thermodynamics because living thingsmaintain a high degree of organization despite a universal trend toward increasingdisorganization. What is the explanation for this apparent paradox?arrow_forward1) Which of the following statements is true for the Second Law of Thermodynamics? a) ΔS (Sfinal-Sinitial) for the system is negative. b) The living system is not exchanging heat nor matter. c) Energy is conserved in the universe. d) The biological system never reach equilibrium.arrow_forwardWhat is the first law of thermodynamics? the second law?arrow_forward
- Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax