Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 5.4, Problem 2CS
Summary Introduction
To determine: The ion gradients which are responsible for the conduction of action potentials across the plasma membrane of a neuron.
Introduction: The action potential is the minimum amount of the charge needed to cause the polarization of a membrane for a very small amount of time. The neurons are in the depolarized state hence action potential is the amount of charge that can cause polarization in the membrane.
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Action Potential of Neurons Worksheet
1. Explain how an action potential and graded potential are different. Where do they occur on a
neuron? How long does each last? What kind of gates is each process using?
2. Describe the following in your own words
a.
resting potential
C.
hyperpolarization
e.
threshold
9.
3.
What triggers an action potential? What happens to the membrane to trigger an action potential?
4. What is a positive feedback loop? How does a neuron create a positive feedback loop (self-
propagation)
5.
What is the role of the voltage-gated sodium channels for producing an action potential?
6. What is the role of the voltage-gated potassium channels?
7.
What would happen if the voltage gated sodium channels
a. Never opened?
b. Stayed open longer than normal?
8.
What is the absolute refractory period? What is the relative refractory period?
Consider the following three diagrams of a nerve cell membrane. They show resting potential,
depolarization, and hyperpolarization.…
voltmeter
microelectrode
electrode
Giant
squid axon
A voltmeter was used to measure the potential difference across the cell membrane of a giant squid axon.
Which of the following best explains the voltmeter reading?
Select one:
a. The threshold potential has not been reached.
b. The sodium potassium exchange pumps are working to take out the sodium ions and bring in the potassium ions.
c. The potassium ions have rushed out of the axon, and the potassium channels are slow to shut down.
d. The sodium ions have rushed into the axon, and the sodium channels are closing.
Question:-
On a neuron, where is it unlikely for voltage activated potassium channels, sodium channels or calcium channels to be found ? Or is it found everywhere?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 5.1 - Core Skill: Modeling The goal of this modeling...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 1CSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 2CSCh. 5.4 - Lets suppose the inside of a cell has a solute...Ch. 5.5 - What is the purpose of gating?Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 1EQCh. 5.5 - Prob. 2EQ
Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 5.6 - What is the function of the protein coat?Ch. 5 - Prob. 1TYCh. 5 - Which of the following events can never be...Ch. 5 - Lets suppose an insect, which doesnt maintain a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4TYCh. 5 - Prob. 5TYCh. 5 - Prob. 6TYCh. 5 - Prob. 7TYCh. 5 - Prob. 8TYCh. 5 - Prob. 9TYCh. 5 - Large particles or large volumes of fluid can be...Ch. 5 - With your textbook closed, draw and describe the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2CQCh. 5 - Prob. 3CQCh. 5 - Prob. 1COQCh. 5 - With regard to bringing solutes into the cell...
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- #Differentiate between membrane potential & action potential. In which cells action potentials generate & why this cells have to generate action potentials. Please discuss in briefly. Word limit (600-700)arrow_forwardNe ansmitter I. Sequencing Arrange the events that occur during synaptic transmission. Use letters A-F to denote the correct sequence. Use the diagram on the right as a clue. SENDING NEURON Example: vessces Synepte B1. lon channel opens SYNGPSE 1. lon channel opens 2. Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic SYNAPTac CLEFT cleft RECEMNG NEURCN4 3. Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane Jon chen nels Neurotren s mitter F eptor Neurotrensmitter broken down znd setacsed 4. Neurotransmitter binds to receptor Bons 5. Action potential arrives burnu 6. lon channel closesarrow_forwardExplain in few sentences !! how a neuron can repair itself. What increases the likelihood of repair; what decreases the likelihood of repair? If repair is not possible, what other options are possible to innervate the effector organ?arrow_forward
- Channel labels Voltage-gated K* channels Voltage-gated Na+ channels Ligand-gated Na+ channels Voltage-gated K* channels lon movement labels K+ exits cell Na+ enters cell K+ exits cell Na+ enters cell Graded potential Depolarization (EPSP) +30 mV -70 Time (msec) +30 mV -70 Depolarization Action potential Time (msec) +30 mV -70 Repolarization Time (msec) +30 mV Hyperpolarization Overshoot -70 Time (msec)arrow_forwardHow does a voltage clamp work? Group of answer choices -It holds the current across a neuronal membrane constant and measures the changes in voltage. -It holds the voltage of a neuron constant by injecting current equal to the ionic current passing across the cell membrane -It changes the membrane potential of a neuron using two extracellular electrodes. -It inactivates ion channels so that the only current passing into the cell is delivered by the equipment. -It measures the voltage of a neuron that is placed in the preparationarrow_forwardAction potential +40 55 Threshold Falled initiations Resting state -70 Stimulus 1 Refractory period Time (ms) At the peak of the action potential, which of the following are true? Select all that apply the membrane potential is close to but less that the K+ equilibrium potential |voltage gated K+ channels close voltage gated K+ channels open the membrane potential is close to but less that the Na+ equilibrium potential Voltage (mV) Depolarization Repolarizationarrow_forward
- • Summarize the steps in the action potential including channel states. • How can nerve fibers be excited? • What are the roles of spatial and temporal summation in transmission of signals of different strengths?arrow_forwardDescribe in detail how movement of ions causes a neuron to fire . Make sure to include how membrane potential is changed and which specific ions are moving in what directions to cause the firing .arrow_forwardDetermine whether each description refers to local (graded) potentials, action potentials, or both. Strength decreases as the signal [ Choose ] spreads Voltage-gated ion channels are [ Choose ] involved Neurotransmitter binds to [ Choose ] chemically gated ion channels on the cell body or dendrites Begin at the axon hillock [ Choose ] The membrane potential is [ Choose ] changed EPSPS and IPSPS [ Choose ] They are always the same strength, and once started they cannot be stopped ( Choose ] Next P Type here to searcharrow_forward
- The correlation between neurons can explain the basis of the synaptic modification, that is, how much they can connect to each other or if they are not synchronized, how much they can lose or weaken their connections. • Draw a picture of an excitatory synapse such as glutamatergic with its receptors between the pre- and postsynaptic neuron. • Briefly explain what mechanisms involve neuronal plasticity and why synapses are enhanced or weakened.arrow_forwardShort FRQ The figure below illustrates a generic model of neurotransmitter secretion and reception across a synapse. receptor axon- vesicle presynaptic neuron B synaptic space Respond in complete sentences. postsynaptic neuron A model of chemical signaling across a synapse. (b) Explain the direction of the nerve impulse. nerve impulse (a) Describe the structure of the neuron synapse using proper vocabulary. transporter -neuro transmitter -dendritearrow_forwardWhat is the difference between an action potential and a synapse? (select all that apply) The action potential moves down the axon and a synapse is between neurons. The synapse travels long distances and the action potential can only travel short distances. The action potential starts at the dendrites and the synapse starts at the ахon. The action potential is always the same and the synaptic potentials vary. the action potential involves only the postsynaptic neuron, but the synapse involves both the pre- and post-synaptic neurons.arrow_forward
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