Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 2COQ
With regard to bringing solutes into the cell across the plasma membrane, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and endocytosis.
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For each of the following scenarios described where a molecule or ion is moving from one side of a membrane to the other, select the method by which the molecule or ion is moving. Each answer can be used more than once, or not at all.
- Simple Diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion by a channel protein
- Facilitated diffusion by a carrier/transport protein
- Active transport by a pump
- Could be facilitated diffusion by a channel or a carrier; not enough information is given
A- While water can freely diffuse across the membrane, it does not do so fast enough for living organisms to function properly. Therefore, membrane proteins known as aquaporins can increase the rate at which water moves across the membrane. The movement of water across the membrane via aquaporins (which do not change shape) is an example of which type of transport?
B-Many snake venoms induce paralysis by acting on acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are transmembrane proteins that allow Na+, K+…
Compare and contrast the following methods of a passing cell membrane in terms of movement with respect to the concentration gradient, use of ATP, and the use of transporters with examples.
(Simple) Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion/Passive Transport
Osmosis
Active Transport
Exocytosis
Endocytosis (with its 3 subforms)
Compare and contrast the following methods of a passing cell membrane in terms of movement with respect to the concentration gradient, use of ATP, and the use of transporters with examples.
(Simple) diffusion vs Facilitated diffusion
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 5.1 - Core Skill: Modeling The goal of this modeling...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 1CSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 2CSCh. 5.4 - Lets suppose the inside of a cell has a solute...Ch. 5.5 - What is the purpose of gating?Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 1EQCh. 5.5 - Prob. 2EQ
Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 5.6 - What is the function of the protein coat?Ch. 5 - Prob. 1TYCh. 5 - Which of the following events can never be...Ch. 5 - Lets suppose an insect, which doesnt maintain a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4TYCh. 5 - Prob. 5TYCh. 5 - Prob. 6TYCh. 5 - Prob. 7TYCh. 5 - Prob. 8TYCh. 5 - Prob. 9TYCh. 5 - Large particles or large volumes of fluid can be...Ch. 5 - With your textbook closed, draw and describe the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2CQCh. 5 - Prob. 3CQCh. 5 - Prob. 1COQCh. 5 - With regard to bringing solutes into the cell...
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- Endocytosis and exocytosis are both forms of [ ACTIVE / PASSIVE ] transport that [ DO / DO NOT ] require energy. Outline an example/scenario in which a cell would need to perform a form of endocytosis. Outline an example/scenario in which a cell would need to perform exocytosis. a) Name the 3 specific types of endocytosis. b) Exocytosis is considered the opposite/reverse process as? Pls helparrow_forwardExplain the differences between facilitated diffusion and grouptranslocation.arrow_forwardDiscuss the difference in the solute concentration gradient and rate of diffusion between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.arrow_forward
- Define: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, primary active transport, secondary active transport and cotransport (by sure to address symport and antiport) . please explain this iin one sentense for each one please. note: I do not want more than one sentensearrow_forwardCrossing a cell membrane by simple diffusion can be distinguished from facilitated diffusion by which of the following: Select all that apply. Simple diffusion moves molecules down a concentration gradient while facilitated diffusion moves molecules up a concentration gradient Simple diffusion does not require membrane proteins; facilitated diffusion requires specific membrane proteins Simple diffusion does not require energy; facilitated diffusion requires energy Simple diffusion is not saturable; facilitated diffusion rates are limited by the number of functional membrane proteins and can be saturatedarrow_forwardThe comparison of the simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport are shown in the table below: * Which comparisons are TRUE? Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport I Require ATP Does not require ATP Require ATP II Does not involve a Involve a transport Involve a transport transport protein protein protein From a region of higher III From a region of higher concentrațion of substance to a region of lower concentration of From a region of lower concentration of concentration of substance to a region of lower concentration of substance. substance to a region of higher concentration of substance. substance. O I and II only I and III only O Il and III only O I, Il and IIIarrow_forward
- The surface area to volume ratio affects the ability of the cell to exchange nutrients and waste products with the outside environment. Many factors affect the movement of molecules across the cell membrane, including membrane thickness, temperature, pressure, concentration gradient, molecular mass, distance travelled, solvent properties and surface area of the cell. In general, according to Einstein’s approximation equation (Equation 1), diffusion time is inversely proportional to the to the diffusion coefficient (D), where t is time and x is distance travelled. The diffusion coefficient is unique to each type of molecule and is determined experimentally. Waste products such as carbon dioxide (CO2) pose a unique problem to cells as their accumulation may be lethal. Exchange with the external environment is dependent upon the distance the waste must travel; for a round cell this will be up to half the cell diameter. Using the diffusion coefficient (D) for carbon dioxide (1.97 × 10-5…arrow_forwardFacilitated diffusion and active transport are two different mechanisms that the cells use to transport molecules into and out of the cell. Compare and contrast these two types of cellular transport.arrow_forwardWhat is the relationship between cell size and the efficiency of diffusion in a model cell?arrow_forward
- Identify whether each method of membrane transport is passive or active by dragging the label to the correct boxarrow_forwardHere's one experimental approach to finding out how rapidly a membrane transporter can move its solute into the cell: combine biochemical information about how much solute accumulates in the cell over time with structural information about how many transporters are on the surface of the cell. You are studying a spherical eukaryotic cell that has a diameter of 20 um and is engaged in glycolysis. Its energy source is glucose, which it is taking up from its environment via Na/glucose symporters distributed throughout the surface of its plasma membrane. By briefly adding an inhibitor of all glucose breakdown, you are able to determine that glucose accumulates in the cell at the rate of (5.000x10^1) µM/hr. Based on this number, how many umoles of glucose must be entering the cell per hour? (Assume that one-half of the volume of the cell is composed of organelles, and thus not available for diffusion of glucose). Put your final answer in umol/hr.arrow_forwardThe following table depicts the rate of transport of a molecule into a cell as the external concentrations are changed. Based on what you know about the characteristics of membrane transport, the molecule is most likely transported by: a) passive transport b) simple diffusion across the membrane c) facilitated diffusion d) active transportarrow_forward
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