(a)
Interpretation: The reason of use of gravity rather than vacuum filtration in the separation method of the ethereal extract from the residual nutmeg needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Solvent extraction method is also called as liquid-liquid extraction. It is the method that is used to separate compounds on the basis of their relative solubility in two different immiscible solvents.
Here the immiscible solvents cannot get mixed up together therefore they make two separate layers. In the extraction of a solute from one liquid, another immiscible solvent must be used. Usually water is used with certain organic solvent as organic solvent and water are immiscible into each other. At equilibrium the ratio of concentration of solute is constant in each layer that can be represented by partition coefficient or distribution coefficient. It is the ratio of the concentration of a substance in one medium (C1) to the concentration in a second medium (C2) at equilibrium.
(b)
Interpretation: The reason of use of fluted filter paper rather than plain filter paper for the filtration procedure needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Solvent extraction method is also called as liquid-liquid extraction. It is the method that is used to separate compounds on the basis of their relative solubility in two different immiscible solvents.
Here the immiscible solvents cannot get mixed up together therefore they make two separate layers. In the extraction of a solute from one liquid, another immiscible solvent must be used. Usually water is used with certain organic solvent as organic solvent and water are immiscible into each other. At equilibrium the ratio of concentration of solute is constant in each layer that can be represented by partition coefficient or distribution coefficient. It is the ratio of the concentration of a substance in one medium (C1) to the concentration in a second medium (C2) at equilibrium.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
EBK EXPERIMENTAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: A M
- You will be completing the extraction of caffeine with dichloromethane and water. In which solvent will the caffeine be found after the layers are mixed, and is this the top or bottom layer? A. Dichloromethane - top layer B. Dichloromethane - bottom layer C. Water - top layer D. Water - bottom layerarrow_forwardWhy is steam distillation and not fraction distillation used to extract limonene from citrus peels.arrow_forwardWhat are the advantages of using steam distillation in the reocvery of an organic liquid from a mxiture?arrow_forward
- Diethyl ether and methylene chloride are generally not suitable for use in recrystallization, but are frequently used as extraction solvents. Explainarrow_forwardThe key to a successful HPLC procedure is good sample separation which is represented by a clean peak for each individual compound. What should we do to ensure a good sample preparation? A. Use a column and a mobile phase with different polarity B. Use a column and a mobile phase with the same polarity C. Use a lower temperature higher than the mobile phase boiling point D. All of thosearrow_forwardWhich fraction or extract is/ are positive for Guignard test? A. Aqueous fraction B. Hexane C. Ethyl acetate D. DCMarrow_forward
- Why is 95% alcohol a good solvent for extraction?arrow_forwardsamples collected during distillation were kept in a fridge for a week before being analyzed by GC. Explain what would be different about the GC analysis results if they were kept out on a shelf in lab instead. Refer to each fraction collected.arrow_forwardAfter separating layers in an extraction, it is necessary to “dry” the organic layer with a substance that absorbs water. Explain why this is necessary.arrow_forward
- Prepare a schematic diagram using the procedure below: 1. Weigh 10 g of the shade dried plant sample and chop into small pieces. 2. Macerate with 200 mL 70% ethanol for 3 days at room temperature (25°C). 3. Filter the extracts in vacuum using Whatman filter. 4. Evaporate to dryness. 5. Weigh the residue and compute the percentage yield.arrow_forward1. Which of the following can most likely increase the yield of recrystallized benzoic acid? a. A fluted filter paper was used during cold filtration. b. The receiving flask from hot filtration does not contain a small amount of solvent. c. Activated charcoal was not added to the solution. d. The solution was filtered immediately after hot filtration.arrow_forwardExtraction of the aqueous salicylic acid solutions with 10% ethyl acetate/hexane (density ~ 0.7 g/ml) will give two layers in the separatory funnel. a. Will the aqueous layer be the upper layer or the lower layer? b. If dichloromethane (density ~ 1.3 g/ml) were substituted for the 10% ethyl acetate/hexane solution, which layer would be the aqueous layer?arrow_forward
- EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC LChemistryISBN:9781305446021Author:LampmanPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT