(a)
Interpretation: Thegrams of compound A that could be removed from 400 mL of an aqueous solution by single extraction that contains 12 g of compound A needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. To separate the solute from the solution, different separation methods can be used. Separatory funnel is one of the most common method in which a separatory funnel is taken in which the solution is and shaken with an immiscible solvent. Solute distributes between both solvents to form two layers. At equilibrium the ratio of concentration of solute is constant in each layer that can be represented by partition coefficientordistribution coefficient. It is the ratio of the concentration of a substance in one medium (C1) to the concentration in a second medium (C2) at equilibrium.
(b)
Interpretation: Thetotal grams of A that can be removed from 400 mL of an aqueous solution with three successive extractionof 67 mL each needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. To separate the solute from the solution, different separation methods can be used. Separatory funnel is one of the most common method in which a separatory funnel is taken in which the solution is and shaken with an immiscible solvent. Solute distributes between both solvents to form two layers. At equilibrium the ratio of concentration of solute is constant in each layer that can be represented by partition coefficientordistribution coefficient. It is the ratio of the concentration of a substance in one medium (C1) to the concentration in a second medium (C2) at equilibrium.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
EBK EXPERIMENTAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: A M
- A neutral compound has a partition coefficient of 5 5 between ether and water. What percentage of the compound would be extracted from 10 mL of water if 10 mL of ether were used to extract the compound?arrow_forward6. Sodium chloride, β-D-fructofuranosyl α-D-glucopyranoside or sodium chloride - β-Dfructofuranosyl α-D-glucopyranoside solutions are used for dehydration of pumpkin.a) Estimate the water activity of 30% β-D-fructofuranosyl α-D-glucopyranoside solution.b) Estimate the water activity of 30% sodium chloride solution.c) Estimate the water activity of solution 20% sodium chloride and 20% β-Dfructofuranosyl α-D-glucopyranoside solution.d) What do you think about the effectivity of these solutions if the water activity of pumpkins are 0.945?arrow_forward7. Consider the crystallization of sulfanilamide from 95% ethyl alcohol. If impure sulfanilamide is dissolved in the minimum amount of 95% ethyl alcohol at 40°C rather than 78°C (the boiling point of ethyl alcohol), how would this affect the percent recovery of pure sulfanilamide? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- What is the function of the sulfuric acid in the dehydration of alcohols to form alkenes? Why was it important to keep the Gas chromatograph close to room temperature during the analysis of the alkene mixture?arrow_forwardA novel compound named “sanaoline” with a partition coefficient (KD) of 6 was extracted from 5.0 grams of Lagundi leaves which contains 0.8% of the compound. How much of sanaoline in milligrams remains in 100.0 mL of the aqueous phase if 5 successive extractions using 50. mL of petroleum ether?arrow_forwardA mixture of the two compounds shown below is dissolved in ether. Using the information given in the experiment, select all the correct statements regarding the extraction and isolation of the two compounds. lose 0000 X OH A. X can be extracted from the organic layer using sodium hydroxide. B. Y can precipitate out of the aqueous layer by the addition of sodium hydroxide to the salt of Y. C. X can precipitate out of the aqueous layer by the addition of sodium hydroxide to the salt of X. D. Y can be extracted from the organic layer using sodium hydroxide.arrow_forward
- Cis-3-hexene and trans-3-hexene can be separated using GC. Explain why these two compounds can be separated by GC and not by fractional distillation.arrow_forwardA mixture of the two compounds shown below is dissolved in ether. Using the information given in the experiment, select all the correct statements regarding the extraction and isolation of the two compounds. oja OH X Y QA. Y can be extracted from the organic layer using sodium hydroxide. OB. X can precipitate out of the aqueous layer by the addition of sodium hydroxide to the salt of X. OC. X can be extracted from the organic layer using sodium hydroxide. OD. Y can precipitate out of the aqueous layer by the addition of sodium hydroxide to the salt of Y.arrow_forward5. You have 100 mL of a solution of benzoic acid in water; the amount of benzoic acid in the solution is estimated to be 0.30 g. The distribution coefficient of benzoic acid in diethyl ether and water is approximately 10. Calculate the amount of benzoic acid that would be left in the water solution after four 20-mL extractions with ether. Do the same calculation using one 80-mL extraction with ether to determine which method is more efficient. You must show all your work for this question (all calculations) to get any credit.arrow_forward
- 5. Consider the chlorination (C2, hv) of optically active (2R,3R)-2-chloro-3-methylpentane. If the dichloro fraction is analyzed by gas liquid phase chromatography (GLPC), how many peaks may be seen? How many of the compounds in the dichloro fraction show optical activity?arrow_forwardExplain the role of trisodium citrate, Na3C6H5O7 as a component of the Benedict’s reagent for the Estimation of Glucosearrow_forward5. Give the definition of the inductive effect. What is the reason for its appearance in the molecule? Show the effect of the inductive effect in molecules: bromoethane CH3CH3B1; ethanol CH3CH2OH; fluoroethane CH3CH2F.arrow_forward
EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC LChemistryISBN:9781305446021Author:LampmanPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT