Concept explainers
Level 3: Synthesis/Evaluation
7. DRAW IT You are considering two optimal foraging models for the behavior of a mussel-feeding shorebird, the oystercatcher. In model A, the energetic reward increases solely with mussel size in model B, you take into consideration that larger mussels are more difficult to open. Draw a graph of reward (energy benefit on a scale of 0–10) versus mussel length (scale of 0–70 mm) for each model. Assume that mussels under 10 mm provide no benefit and are ignored by the birds. Also assume that mussels star becoming difficult to open when they reach 40 mm in length and impossible to open when 70 mm long. Considering the graphs you have drawn, indicate what observations and measurements you would want to make in this shorebird's habitat to help determine which model is more accurate.
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Campbell Biology
- Bayesian updating can be a useful tool for thinking about the development of behavior. Imagine the following scenario with respect to an animal’s knowledge of the average density of food in patches in their environment. Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of this Bayesian view of this animal? Their environment is much richer in food resources than expected Their confidence in their assessment of the state of the environment is greater after they go out and sample the world Their environment is less rich than expected – perhaps there is a drought that has caused a crash in food availability relative to historical conditions All of the abovearrow_forwardAnimals have evolved a range of strategies to successfully respond to threats and challenges. One of these strategies is the ability to learn. As we discussed, not every animal can learn and there are clear costs and benefits to this strategy. Suggest one benefit of the ability to learn and one potential cost. Briefly explain each. (1-2 sentences for each) Since learning is not universal, under which circumstances would it be most likely be a successful strategy? We discussed a framework that examines the influence of predictability on the success of learning ability. Describe this framework. Make sure you discuss all the available conditions and clearly state under which we would expect learning to be successful and where we would not expect it to be successful. What would be an alternative strategy to regulate behaviour when learning is not suitable? Briefly explain your choice. (2-3 sentences)arrow_forwardNeed help Multiple choice Fewer than 3% of animals engage in direct care of their offspring. When might the benefits of parental care outweigh the costs? Choose the correct option and Explain why you choose that answer. a) All of the options. b) Species that feed on resources with high foraging effort (e.g., smaller insect prey versus larger insect prey). c) Species with highly immature young, for instance those with large brains that have long learning periods. d) Species with limited breeding opportunities.arrow_forward
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- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning