If you adjust each of the four constants, one at a time, by 10%, which seems to have the greatest impact on the simulation output? Examine the Lotka-Volterra equations to explain by this constant makes such a big difference in the predator-prey system. Hint: This constant affects both the birth rate of predators and the death rate of prey.
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If you adjust each of the four constants, one at a time, by 10%, which seems to have the greatest impact on the simulation output? Examine the Lotka-Volterra equations to explain by this constant makes such a big difference in the predator-prey system. Hint: This constant affects both the birth rate of predators and the death rate of prey.
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- Great white sharks prefer marine mammals like seals but can eat a number of other prey items, including birds and fish. According to the table below, what is the critical search time for seals, above which great white sharks should choose to eat an albatross if they encounter one? Prey item: seal (energy = 60 Mcals, handling time = 5 minutes) Prey item: albatross (energy = 10 Mcals, handling time = 2 minutes)What is the best description of the original Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model? Nis prey, P is predator. a is rate of consumption, f is conversion of prey to predator, and q is the mortality rate of the predator. dP rN - aNP= = faNP - qP dt dt Type 1 functional response with density-dependent prey and density- independent predator Type 1 functional response with density-independent prey and density- independent predator Type 1 functional response with density-dependent prey and density-dependent predator Type 1 functional response with density-independent prey and density- dependent predatorA predator's foraging behavior can be altered by prey density is different ways (functional responses). While some predators consume more preys at higher prey density (e.g., spiders), other predators such as pelicans will slowly decrease prey consumption as prey density increases. What type of functional response will describe a backswimmer (aquatic predatory insect) that exhibits low prey consumption under low prey density, rapid prey consumption under moderate prey density that slows down at high prey density? O Type II O Type III O Type I
- A biology student is investigating the claim that the temperature can be predicted by counting cricket chirps. He has collected data and comes up with the linear model T=39.2+0.233r, where T is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and r is the number of chirps per minute. Interpret the slope of the equation. The model predicts a decrease of 0.233 degrees for each increase of 1 chirp per minute. The model predicts a decrease of 39.2 degrees for each increase of 1 chirp per minute. The model predicts an increase of 39.2 degrees for each increase of 1 chirp per minute. The model predicts an increase of 0.233 degrees for each increase of 1 chirp per minute.For your summer research project, you decide to repeat Lillian Tuttle’s (2017) experiment testing the effect of lionfish on other fish that are cleaners and clients. You do this new experiment at a new location (Bonaire), but use basically the same experimental approach and BACI design as Tuttle. a) You do not separate resident and transient clients (as Tuttle did), and below is a graph of your results showing the effect of the treatment on the total density of client fish in the community. Please explain your result. Imagine that you are planning to publish your experiment and that your answer to this question will be part of the “Results” section of your paper. Please do not worry about hypothetical statistical tests; just assume that the obvious patterns displayed in the graph can be interpreted at face value.S( mM/L-min) V( mM/L-min) 2000 155 1000 150 200 120 100 100 60 80 40 64 20 40 10 20 Find Vmax and Km using all data points and at least two linear transformations
- Get SNR-dependent graphs of BER and interruption probabilities for each state by doing receiver diversity. Take the number of receivers as M= 1, 2 and 4. Take the SNR range from 0 dB to 30 dB.a-MRCb-EGCc-SCHint: Take 10 log_10〖(γ/γ_0)〗 as the SNR value for the interruption probability.Which of the following are variable terms in the discrete-time logistic model? ΔN Δt rmax,d t Nt K None of theseBased on these graphs, and assuming head raises of European finches helps watch for predators but also has a trade-off with eating, select the statements that these graphs support. Total head raises of entire flock per minute (a) 28 24 20 16 12 8 4 4 5 Flock size 0 1 2 3 6 Individual head raises per minute (b) 12 10 8 N T 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Flock size Time to husk a seed (seconds) As the flock size increases, individuals have less access to food 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 1 C 01 2 3 4 5 6 Flock size O The larger the size of the flock, the smaller the fitness of each individual As the flock size increases, individuals are able to eat more quickly The graphs support the hypothesis that there is no tradeoff at the individual level between watching for predators and husking seeds When groups are larger, individuals can spend less time watching for predators, but as a group they have spend more. The graphs support the hypothesis that there is a tradeoff at the individual level between watching for…
- Conflicts in an encounter are necessary to gain a valuable resource at the cost of risking serious injury. In repeated hawk-dove situations wherein neither player can guess who is the hawk or the dove, a strategy can occur that is somewhat more stable compared to other strategies in which - A. Each player can be combative and play the hawk in every encounter. B. Each player will avoid any subsequent encounter with the other. C. Each player can be the hawk some fraction of the time and a dove the rest of the time. D. Each player can be defensive and play the dove in evey encounter.Kudu Scenario Kudu are an antelope species found in easterm and southerm Africa. Male kuou have dramatically spiraled homs, which makes them a target of trophy hunters. Begin by setting up the following parameters: k= 100, r= 0.26, N, = 10. Use the gear icon to adjust the min & max values of N, and k to 2 and 200, respectively. Set the max value oft to 50. 25. At what time ("T value) do kudu populations reach their carrying capacity, given these parameters? 28. What happens to the growth rate of a kudu population as it gets closer and closer to its carrying сарacity? 27. What sorts of environmental changes might cause k to increase in this environment? What might cause k to decrease? 28. Trophy hunters move into the area, leading to an increased death rate, which decreases the growth rate rto 0.13. Exolain how this change will impact the population growth patten. [Hint Look at when the population now reaches its carrying capacity, given this decrease in r. Compare your original curve…The relationship between predator and prey populations has been studied by computer simulation using equations which form part of a mathematical model devised by Lotka and Volterra. The data in Table 6.10 show the results of such a simulation when the prey population begins with 20 individuals and the predator population begins with six individuals. 1.Explain why the peaks in the predator population occur after those in the prey population. 2. This simulation assumes one prey species and one predator species in an imaginary ecosystem and is based on mathematical equations. Why is it likely to be too simplistic to describe accurately what happens in nature?