Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 51, Problem 7IQ
Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether an individual more likely to exhibit altruistic behavior toward a parent, a sibling, or a first cousin.

Introduction: Hamilton’s hypothesis measures the effect of altruism on fitness. The three variables according to Hamilton’s hypothesis are benefit to the recipient (B), cost to altruist (C), and coefficient of relatedness (r). The benefit B is the benefit to the recipient of the altruistic act so it can produce extra offspring. The cost, C, is to the animal exhibiting altruism, which results in fewer offspring produced. The coefficient of relatedness, r is the number of shared genes.

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Earlier explanations of altruistic behavior as a form of group selec-tion have been supplanted by Hamilton’s hypothesis of kin selection. What distinguishes kin selection and how does it accord with the no-tion of inclusive fitness, the relative number of an individual’s alleles that pass to the next generation?
Using the concept of inclusive fitness (and kin selection), explain how altruistic behavior (e.g. where an individual protects for another, even at their own expense) can evolve by natural selection? Make sure to explain what inclusive fitness is. (remember the concentric circles on the slide)
Describe and give an example of a dominance hierarchy. What role does it play in social behavior? Give a human parallel, and describe its role in human society. Are the two roles similar? Why or why not? Repeat this exercise for territorial behavior in humans and in another animal.
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