BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 50, Problem 5U
Receptors that trigger innate immune responses
a. are antibodies recognizing specific antigens.
b. are T-cell receptors recognizing specific antigens.
c. recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
d. are not specific at all.
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The immune system includes the various responses the body uses to ensure survival in the presence of disease-causing agents. Identify the example of innate immunity.
A.
Infected host cells are killed by toxic proteins from cytotoxic T cells.
B.
Toll-like receptors bind to foreign molecule fragments to initiate immune response.
C.
CD4 accessory proteins on the helper T cell surface bind to class II MHC molecules.
D.
IgE antibodies recognize and attach to pollen grains, stimulating an allergic reaction.
The T-cell antigen receptor is similar to immunoglobulin molecules in that it:
a. can cross the placenta and provide protection to a fetus
b. remains bound to the cell surface and is never secreted
c. binds complement
d. contains V and C regions on each of its chain
Adaptive immunity includes both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which interact but also have distinct roles in adaptive immunity. Identify the example of a strictly cell-mediated immune response.
A.
A cytotoxic T cell destroys an infected host cell.
B.
A helper T cell activates a B cell.
C.
A B cell gives rise to plasma cells, which release antibodies.
D.
An antigen is taken in by an antigen-presenting cell.
Chapter 50 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 50.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 50.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 50.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 50.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 50.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 50.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 50.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 50.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 50.4 - Explain how antibody diversity is generated.Ch. 50.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 50.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 50.5 - Define autoimmune diseases.Ch. 50.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 50.6 - Explain antigenantibody reactions in the ABO blood...Ch. 50.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 50.6 - Prob. 3LOCh. 50.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 50.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 50 - How would a high level of HCG present in a urine...Ch. 50 - What would happen if an NK cell killed a virally...Ch. 50 - Prob. 2IQCh. 50 - Prob. 3IQCh. 50 - Prob. 4IQCh. 50 - Cells that target and kill body cells infected by...Ch. 50 - Structures on invading cells recognized by the...Ch. 50 - Which one of the following acts as the alarm...Ch. 50 - Prob. 4UCh. 50 - Receptors that trigger innate immune responses a....Ch. 50 - Diseases in which the persons immune system no...Ch. 50 - Suppose that a new disease is discovered that...Ch. 50 - You start a new job in a research lab. The lab...Ch. 50 - In comparing T-cell receptors and immunoglobulins...Ch. 50 - If you have type AB blood, which of the following...Ch. 50 - Suppose that you get a paper cut while studying....Ch. 50 - If you wanted to cure allergies by bioengineering...Ch. 50 - Why do we need to be repeatedly vaccinated for...Ch. 50 - Prob. 7ACh. 50 - Suppose you take a job in the marketing department...Ch. 50 - Prob. 2SCh. 50 - Prob. 3SCh. 50 - Toll-like receptors have been found in a wide...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- An MHC class II/antigen complex on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) binds to a T-cell receptor. What results from this interaction? Select one: a. Other immune cells are stimulated to respond to the antigen. b. Other immune cells are inhibited. c. The T cell responds by directly destroying the APC. d. The antigen is phagocytized by the T cell.arrow_forwardTo become a fully activated, antibody-secreting cell, B cells usually need: a. to encounter an antigen or receive a signal delivered by a helper T cell. b. to ingest a foreign invader such as a microobe. c. activation by a plasma cell d. contact with an antigen and helper T cell cytokinesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is false about innate immune receptors? A. They are encoded by intact genes inherited through the germline and are deployed non-clonally. B. They include pattern recognition receptors C. They are encoded by genes assembled from individual gene segment and clonally distributed. D. They recognize foreign molecules on microbes. E. none of the abovearrow_forward
- The following are characteristics of innate immune receptors except A. trigger immediate response B. specificity inherited in the genome C. recognize a broad class of pathogens D. require gene rearrangement E. all of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true for antigen presentation. a. Antigen presentation means that other cells attach the pathogen first and present it to T cells. b. Antigen-presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor to B cells c. Antigen presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor on their surface. d. Antigen-presenting cells are phagocytic cells e. Antigen presentation is required for T cell activation f. Cytokines released by macrophages are required for T cell activation g. T cell receptors recognize the MHC receptors in complex with antigen fragments displayed by antigen-presenting cells. h. Phagocytic cells are involved in innate immunity. Therefore they have no role in T-cell activationarrow_forwardAntibodies can have multiple mechanisms of action. The main mechanism is "flagging" a foreign body for phagocytosis and degradation. Another mechanism is... Select one: a. Binding of the Fc domain to T cells for cooperative antigen recognition and destruction. b. Altering the local pH by the formation of carbamate upon reaction with CO2 to denature protein antigens. c. Binding of the variable region to multiple different/distinct sites on the antigen. d. None of these. e. Binding of the antigen in regions essential for its function.arrow_forward
- Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. In order for an antigen to activate or sensitize a T helper cell, the antigen must be a. coated with antibodies b. displayed on the surface of an APC along with MHC antigens c. displayed on the surface of another T cell with IgD antibodies d. partly digested by a natural killer cellarrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. T cells are differentiated into two groups based on their glycoproteins CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells? a. They become cytotoxic T cells. b. The become antigen presenting cells. c. They become T helper cells. d. They become plasma cells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about T cells is false? a. Helper T cells release cytokines while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell. b. Helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+. c. MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only. d. The T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not a function of antibodies? Select one: a. They neutralize pathogens by masking the pathogen surface. b. They act as molecular adaptors that bridge together pathogen and phagocyte surfaces. c. They exert toxic effects directly. d. They act as opsonins that mediate phagocytosis. e. They activate complement fixation.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements does not describe tolerogens accurately? Select one: A. They can be the same molecules as immunogens. B. They lead immune cells to become unresponsive. C. They can be foreign antigens. D. They affect B cells but not T cells. E. The can be presented by antigen- presenting cells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following explains why dendritic cells, but not macrophages or B cells, contribute to the activation of naive T cells? a. Macrophages and B cells do not express MHC class II molecules until they are activated. b. Dendritic cells upregulate B7 after engaging innate immunity receptors at sites of infection. c. Dendritic cells express higher levels of CTLA4. d. Macrophages and B cells do not process antigen. e. Dendritic cells use Toll-like receptors to hold antigen in place for extended periods of time.arrow_forward
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