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Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & Kinetics
- What is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the explosive decomposition of TNT? Use your knowledge of TNT and the chemical equation, particularly the phases, to answer this question. (Thermodynamic data for TNT are not in Appendix G.) 2C7H5N3O6(s) 3N2(g) + 5H2O() + 7C(s) + 7CO(g)arrow_forwardWhat is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the synthesis of ammonia? 3H2(g) + N2(g) 2NH3(g)arrow_forwardDetermine the standard Gibbs free energy change, rG, for the reactions of liquid methanol, of CO(g), and ofethyne, C2H2(g), with oxygen gas to form gaseous carbondioxide and (if hydrogen is present) liquid water at298 K. Use your calculations to decide which of thesesubstances are kinetically stable and which are thermodynamically stable: CH3OH(), CO(g), C2H9(g), CO2(g),H2O().arrow_forward
- From data in Appendix J, estimate (a) the boiling point of titanium(IV) chloride. (b) the boiling point of carbon disulfide, CS2, which is a liquid at 25 C and 1 bar.arrow_forwardWhat is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the combustion of acetaldehyde? CH3CHO(l)+52O2(g)2CO2+2H2O(l)arrow_forwardUse the data in Appendix J to calculate rG andKPat 25 C for the reaction 2HBr(g)+Cl2(g)2HCl(g)+Br2() Comment on the connection between the sign of rG and the magnitude ofKP.arrow_forward
- What determines Ssurr for a process? To calculate Ssurr at constant pressure and temperature, we use the following equation: Ssurr = H/T. Why does a minus sign appear in the equation, and why is Ssurr inversely proportional to temperature?arrow_forwardThe standard molar entropy of methanol vapor, CH3OH(g), is 239.8 J K1 mol-1. (a) Calculate the entropy change for the vaporization of 1 mol methanol (use data from Table 16.1 or Appendix J). (b) Calculate the enthalpy of vaporization of methanol, assuming that rS doesnt depend on temperature and taking the boiling point of methanol to be 64.6C.arrow_forwardWhat is the increase in entropy of 1.00 kg of ice originally at 0 oC that is melted to form water a 0 oC. (Latent heat of fusion of water, Lf = 3.341 x105 J).arrow_forward
- Calculate the value of ΔE and ΔH on heating 64.0 g of oxygen from 0 degree celcious to 100 degree celcious. Cv and Cp on an average are 5.0 and 7.0 cal mol–1 degree–1.arrow_forwardGiven that ΔHo(fusion) of water is 6025 J/mol, Cp,m(ice) = 37.7 J K–1 mol–1, and Cp,m(water,liquid) = 75.3 J K–1 mol–1, calculate ΔG (in J) for the freezing of 68 moles of water at 1 atm pressure and the constant temperature T = 7.6 °C.arrow_forwardWhat is the type of entropy change for 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) —> 2 H2O (l)? Provide Description.arrow_forward
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