Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & Kinetics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321766182
Author: Thomas Engel, Philip Reid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 5, Problem 5.24NP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: In the cycle, the volume at c and d needs to be determined to get the given result which is as follows:
Concept introduction:
The work done for cycle is as follows:
Here, work done is of cycle, n is number of moles, T is temperature for hot and cold reservoir, R is Universal gas constant.
The work done can be calculated using the two equations depending on the conditions.
Here, n is number of moles, R is Universal gas constant, T is temperature,
Also,
Here,
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Nitroglycerine ( C,H,N,O,) is a very strong explosive that degrades over time and is too shock
sensitive to transport safely. Dynamite is made by combining nitroglycerine with stabilizers
and adsorbents, which makes it much safer to use. The explosion of nitroglycerin can be represented by:
4 C,H,N,O,()
→ 6 N2(9) + 12 CO(9) + 10 H,0(9) + 7 O2(9)
A stick of 40% dynamite is about 20 cm long and about 3 cm in diameter and weighs 241 grams. It is 40.0%
nitroglycerine by mass. What is the total number of moles of gas produced when a stick of 4o% dynamite explodes?
mol gas
80 grams of Potassium (K) was put in 3000 ml of water. They underwent a violent reaction and produced hydrogen gas which was allowed to mix with 20 g of air. Find the average molecular weight of that mixed gas stream. [Ref: 16O, 14N, 39K, 1H]
The solid rocket propellant for the Space Shuttle (and Tomahawk Missiles) contain ammonium
perchlorate, NH,CIO4(s) , and aluminum powder, Als) bound together with polymer (rubber) compound.
The reaction that provides the thrust for these engines is given below:
6 NH4CIO4(s) + 10 Al(s)
→ 4 Al203(s)
+ 2 AlCl3(s) +
12 H2O(g) +
3 N2(9) ; AHº,
rxn
ΔΗΡ -289 kJ/mol
0.0 kJ/mol -1675.5 kJ/mol -705.6 kJ/mol -241.8 kJ/mol 0.0 kJ/mol
Use the enthalpies of formation (AHº;) to calculate the change in enthalpy, AH® x, for this reaction (~
6 mols of NH4CIO4(s).
AH°,
[ Select ]
kJ/ 6 mol NH4CIO4(5)
rxn
Chapter 5 Solutions
Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & Kinetics
Ch. 5 - Under what conditions is S0 for a spontaneous...Ch. 5 - Why are Sfustion and Svaporization always...Ch. 5 - An ideal gas in thermal contact with the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.5CPCh. 5 - You are told that S=0 for a process in which the...Ch. 5 - Under what conditions does the equality S=H/T...Ch. 5 - Is the following statement true or false? If it is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9CPCh. 5 - One Joule of work is done on a system, raising its...
Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.11CPCh. 5 - An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion into...Ch. 5 - When a saturated solution of a salt is cooled, a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.14CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.16CPCh. 5 - Why is the efficiency of a Carnot heat engine the...Ch. 5 - Two vessels of equal volume, pressure and...Ch. 5 - Solid methanol in thermal contact with the...Ch. 5 - Can incandescent lighting be regarded as an...Ch. 5 - The Chalk Point, Maryland, generating station...Ch. 5 - An electrical motor is used to operate a Carnot...Ch. 5 - An air conditioner is a refrigerator with the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.5NPCh. 5 - The average heat evolved by the oxidation of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9NPCh. 5 - The maximum theoretical efficiency of an internal...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.11NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.12NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.13NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.14NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.16NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.17NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.18NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.19NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.20NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.21NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.22NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.23NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.24NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.25NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.26NPCh. 5 - Under anaerobic conditions, glucose is broken down...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.28NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.29NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.30NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.31NPCh. 5 - Calculate Ssurroundings and Stotal for the...Ch. 5 - A refrigerator is operated by a 0.25-hp...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.34NPCh. 5 - Between C and 100C, the heat capacity of Hg(l) is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.36NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.37NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.38NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.39NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.40NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.41NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.42NPCh. 5 - An ideal gas sample containing 1.75 moles for...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.44NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.45NP
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Butane gas, C4H10, is sold to campers as bottled fuel. Its density at 25C and 1.00 atm is 2.38 g/L. What volume of butane gas at 25C and 1.00 atm is required to heat one gallon of water (d=1.00g/mL) from 25C to 98C ? The reaction for the combustion of butane (H f =125.6kJ/mol) is C4H10(g)+132 O2(g)4CO2(g)+5H2O(g)arrow_forwardWhich of the following quantities can be taken to be independent of temperature? independent of pressure? (a) H for a reaction (b) S for a reaction (c) G for a reaction (d) S for a substancearrow_forward3.6 L of an ideal diatomic gas A, at P = 1.15 atm is confined in a rigid vessel and held at a constant temperature of T = 45 °C. The gas then undergoes monomolecular decay where every molecule decays A2 → 2A. What is the final pressure after this reaction? State your answer in atm without units.arrow_forward
- Mg(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → MgCl2(g) + H2(g) PV = nRT R = 0.082061. 2. The volume of hydrogen gas produced was not at standard temperature and pressure. Convert the volume at the pressure and temperature of the experiment to a volume at standard temperature and pressure: STP (T = 273.15K and P = 1.00 atm). Mass of flask/stopper/5 mL H2O=112.794 g Mass of flask/stopper/filled flask of H2O=250.302 g Volume of gas space in flask (the difference between the above two measurements converted to L) =0.137508 L Trial 1: mass of Mg (g) =0.013 g pressure= 1.0104 atm temperature= 298.35 K moles of H2 =0.00054 molarrow_forwardIn a biology laboratory, the teacher provided the each student group with two long bones (chicken) without the flesh. Following teacher's guidance, one of the long bone was placed in a beaker containing vinegar (7% acetic acid), a weak acid and let it sit for 3 days at 370 C in an incubator. The other long bone was left in beaker containing distilled water and placed in the same incubator. The students were very curious - on the 4th day, they used gloves and removed the bones from respective jars with utmost care. The teacher asked them to write their observations (what happened) and the explanation (why did it happen) in the lab notebook in view of the structure-function relationship of bone. Assuming we are doing this lab activity. describe the observation in the vinegar treated long bone compared to the control set and explain what actually happened to justify observationarrow_forwardThe atmosphere slowly oxidizes hydrocarbons in a number of steps that eventually convert the hydrocarbon into carbon dioxide and water. The overall reaction of a number of such steps for methane gas is:CH4(g) + 5 O2(g) + 5 NO(g) ------> CO2(g) + H2O(g) + 5 NO2(g) + 2 OH(g) Suppose that an atmospheric chemist combines 155 mL of methane at STP, 885 mL of oxygen at STP, and 55.5 mL of NO at STP in a 2.0-L flask. The flask stands for several weeks at 275 K. If the reaction reaches 90.0% of completion (90.0% of the limiting reactant is consumed), what is the partial pressure of each of the reactants and products in the flask at 275 K? What is the total pressure in the flask?arrow_forward
- Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (abbreviated PETN, chemical formula C₂H₂N₂O₁₂2) is an explosive material with a structure that is very similar to nitroglycerin. It is one of the components of plastic explosives such as Semtex. The explosion of PETN can be represented by: C5H8N4O12 (s) → 2 CO(g) + 4 H₂O(g) + 3 CO2(g) + 2 N₂(g) A plastic explosive charge is formed into a cylinder about 30 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter. It weighs about 221 grams and is 58.5% PETN by mass. What is the total number of moles of gas produced when this plastic explosive charge explodes? mol gasarrow_forwardAnna was asked to identify and explain if the equation CO2 (g) → CO2 (I) was an endothermic or exothermic reaction. However she got it wrong. What is her error and what should the answer have been? Anna's statement: The equation is an endothermic reaction because the energy is released from gaseous CO2 to the surroundings to become liquidCO2 causing the molecules to speed up. Format В I U B ... >arrow_forwardHow many collisions does a single Ar atom make in 1.0 s when the temperature is 25 °C and the pressure is: (a) 10 atm, (b) 1.0 atm? (Ar : M = 39.95 x 10-³ kg/mol) Z= o crel P KTarrow_forward
- If pressure is expressed in atmospheres and volume is expressed in liters, PAV has units of L atm (liters x atmospheres). Remember that 1 atm = 101,325 Pa, and that 1 L = 1 dm. Use this information to determine the number of joules corresponding to 5 L atm. i Jarrow_forwardThe ideal gas law describes the relationship among the volume of an ideal gas (V), its pressure (P), its absolute temperature (T), and number of moles ( n): PV = nRT Under standard conditions, the ideal gas law does a good job of approximating these properties for any gas. However, the ideal gas law does not account for all the properties of real gases such as intermolecular attraction and molecular volume, which become more pronounced at low temperatures and high pressures. The van der Waals equation corrects for these factors with the constants a and b, which are unique to each substance: (P+ ²) (V-nb) = nRT an² The gas constant R is equal to 0.08206 L.atm/(K-mol). Part A A 3.00-L flask is filled with gaseous ammonia, NH3. The gas pressure measured at 16.0 °C is 2.45 atm . Assuming ideal gas behavior, how many grams of ammonia are in the flask? Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. View Available Hint(s) mass of NH3 = Submit ▾ Part B HÅ…arrow_forward2.) It’s a bad day in the lab! Two students are doing experiments. Each is 20 feet away from the professor. At the same time, each of them lets the same amount of a smelly gas into the room. One of them releases ammonia, NH3, and the other releases SO2. NH3 has a pungent odor, and SO2 smells like rotten eggs. The professor has no idea that this has happened, until she smell the first gas. Which chemical will the professor smell first? (NH3 or SO2) . If the professor starts to smell the first gas 42. seconds after the gas is released, how long will it take her to smell the second gas? sec. * Note: It is unsafe practice to work with these chemicals in an open lab.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning