When vinegar (CH 3 COOH) and baking soda (NaHCO 3 ) are combined, the mixture spontaneously undergoes an endothermic reaction while releasing CO 2 gas. Would the test tube feel hot or cold? Do you think this reaction would have a + or − value for Δ G ? Explain your reasoning.

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.1PP

When vinegar (CH₃COOH) and baking soda (NaHCO₃) are combined, the mixture spontaneously undergoes an endothermic reaction while releasing CO₂ gas. Would the test tube feel hot or cold? Do you think this reaction would have a + or − value for ΔG? Explain your reasoning.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine:

If the test tube containing the given reaction mixture of vinegar and baking soda is hot or cold.

Introduction:

Thermodynamics is the branch of chemistry which studies the difference of heat and energies of product and reactant in the chemical reaction. Therefore, the sign of free energy change and heat change for a given chemical reaction is predicted by using the concept of thermodynamics.

Explanation of Solution

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which heat is absorbed. In endothermic reactions, the flow of heat is inside the reaction mixture that results in a positive value of enthalpy change.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions which involve the release of heat. In exothermic reactions, the flow of heat is outside the reaction mixture that results in the negative value of enthalpy change.

A spontaneous process is a process which does not require any external effort for its initiation and a non-spontaneous process is a process which requires heat for its initiation.

As per the given facts, the temperature of the given test tube containing the reaction mixture depends upon the enthalpy change of the reaction. If enthalpy change of the reaction is positive, the test tube will be cold after the completion of the reaction and if the enthalpy change is negative, the test tube will be hot after the completion of the reaction.

Since the given reaction is given to be spontaneous and endothermic in nature; therefore, heat flows inside the reaction mixture and test tube containing the reaction mixture will be cold after the completion of the reaction.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The sign of ΔG for the given reaction and an explanation corresponding to the same.

Introduction:

The free energy change (ΔG) is defined as the difference between the total energy change corresponding to a system (ΔH) and the amount of energy that has been lost to entropy (ΔS) at a given temperature (T). The formula to calculate the free energy change is, ΔG=ΔH−TΔS

Explanation of Solution

The free energy change (ΔG) of a reaction depends upon the nature of the reaction. If the reaction is spontaneous in nature then the value of free energy change is negative and the value of free energy change is positive if the reaction is non-spontaneous.

Since the stated reaction is given to be spontaneous in nature; therefore, the free energy change of the reaction is negative.

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.1PP

When vinegar (CH₃COOH) and baking soda (NaHCO₃) are combined, the mixture spontaneously undergoes an endothermic reaction while releasing CO₂ gas. Would the test tube feel hot or cold? Do you think this reaction would have a + or − value for ΔG? Explain your reasoning.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine:

If the test tube containing the given reaction mixture of vinegar and baking soda is hot or cold.

Introduction:

Thermodynamics is the branch of chemistry which studies the difference of heat and energies of product and reactant in the chemical reaction. Therefore, the sign of free energy change and heat change for a given chemical reaction is predicted by using the concept of thermodynamics.

Explanation of Solution

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which heat is absorbed. In endothermic reactions, the flow of heat is inside the reaction mixture that results in a positive value of enthalpy change.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions which involve the release of heat. In exothermic reactions, the flow of heat is outside the reaction mixture that results in the negative value of enthalpy change.

A spontaneous process is a process which does not require any external effort for its initiation and a non-spontaneous process is a process which requires heat for its initiation.

As per the given facts, the temperature of the given test tube containing the reaction mixture depends upon the enthalpy change of the reaction. If enthalpy change of the reaction is positive, the test tube will be cold after the completion of the reaction and if the enthalpy change is negative, the test tube will be hot after the completion of the reaction.

Since the given reaction is given to be spontaneous and endothermic in nature; therefore, heat flows inside the reaction mixture and test tube containing the reaction mixture will be cold after the completion of the reaction.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The sign of ΔG for the given reaction and an explanation corresponding to the same.

Introduction:

The free energy change (ΔG) is defined as the difference between the total energy change corresponding to a system (ΔH) and the amount of energy that has been lost to entropy (ΔS) at a given temperature (T). The formula to calculate the free energy change is, ΔG=ΔH−TΔS

Explanation of Solution

The free energy change (ΔG) of a reaction depends upon the nature of the reaction. If the reaction is spontaneous in nature then the value of free energy change is negative and the value of free energy change is positive if the reaction is non-spontaneous.

Since the stated reaction is given to be spontaneous in nature; therefore, the free energy change of the reaction is negative.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.1PP

When vinegar (CH₃COOH) and baking soda (NaHCO₃) are combined, the mixture spontaneously undergoes an endothermic reaction while releasing CO₂ gas. Would the test tube feel hot or cold? Do you think this reaction would have a + or − value for ΔG? Explain your reasoning.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine:

If the test tube containing the given reaction mixture of vinegar and baking soda is hot or cold.

Introduction:

Thermodynamics is the branch of chemistry which studies the difference of heat and energies of product and reactant in the chemical reaction. Therefore, the sign of free energy change and heat change for a given chemical reaction is predicted by using the concept of thermodynamics.

Explanation of Solution

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which heat is absorbed. In endothermic reactions, the flow of heat is inside the reaction mixture that results in a positive value of enthalpy change.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions which involve the release of heat. In exothermic reactions, the flow of heat is outside the reaction mixture that results in the negative value of enthalpy change.

A spontaneous process is a process which does not require any external effort for its initiation and a non-spontaneous process is a process which requires heat for its initiation.

As per the given facts, the temperature of the given test tube containing the reaction mixture depends upon the enthalpy change of the reaction. If enthalpy change of the reaction is positive, the test tube will be cold after the completion of the reaction and if the enthalpy change is negative, the test tube will be hot after the completion of the reaction.

Since the given reaction is given to be spontaneous and endothermic in nature; therefore, heat flows inside the reaction mixture and test tube containing the reaction mixture will be cold after the completion of the reaction.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The sign of ΔG for the given reaction and an explanation corresponding to the same.

Introduction:

The free energy change (ΔG) is defined as the difference between the total energy change corresponding to a system (ΔH) and the amount of energy that has been lost to entropy (ΔS) at a given temperature (T). The formula to calculate the free energy change is, ΔG=ΔH−TΔS

Explanation of Solution

The free energy change (ΔG) of a reaction depends upon the nature of the reaction. If the reaction is spontaneous in nature then the value of free energy change is negative and the value of free energy change is positive if the reaction is non-spontaneous.

Since the stated reaction is given to be spontaneous in nature; therefore, the free energy change of the reaction is negative.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.1PP

When vinegar (CH₃COOH) and baking soda (NaHCO₃) are combined, the mixture spontaneously undergoes an endothermic reaction while releasing CO₂ gas. Would the test tube feel hot or cold? Do you think this reaction would have a + or − value for ΔG? Explain your reasoning.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine:

If the test tube containing the given reaction mixture of vinegar and baking soda is hot or cold.

Introduction:

Thermodynamics is the branch of chemistry which studies the difference of heat and energies of product and reactant in the chemical reaction. Therefore, the sign of free energy change and heat change for a given chemical reaction is predicted by using the concept of thermodynamics.

Explanation of Solution

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which heat is absorbed. In endothermic reactions, the flow of heat is inside the reaction mixture that results in a positive value of enthalpy change.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions which involve the release of heat. In exothermic reactions, the flow of heat is outside the reaction mixture that results in the negative value of enthalpy change.

A spontaneous process is a process which does not require any external effort for its initiation and a non-spontaneous process is a process which requires heat for its initiation.

As per the given facts, the temperature of the given test tube containing the reaction mixture depends upon the enthalpy change of the reaction. If enthalpy change of the reaction is positive, the test tube will be cold after the completion of the reaction and if the enthalpy change is negative, the test tube will be hot after the completion of the reaction.

Since the given reaction is given to be spontaneous and endothermic in nature; therefore, heat flows inside the reaction mixture and test tube containing the reaction mixture will be cold after the completion of the reaction.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The sign of ΔG for the given reaction and an explanation corresponding to the same.

Introduction:

The free energy change (ΔG) is defined as the difference between the total energy change corresponding to a system (ΔH) and the amount of energy that has been lost to entropy (ΔS) at a given temperature (T). The formula to calculate the free energy change is, ΔG=ΔH−TΔS

Explanation of Solution

The free energy change (ΔG) of a reaction depends upon the nature of the reaction. If the reaction is spontaneous in nature then the value of free energy change is negative and the value of free energy change is positive if the reaction is non-spontaneous.

Since the stated reaction is given to be spontaneous in nature; therefore, the free energy change of the reaction is negative.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine:

If the test tube containing the given reaction mixture of vinegar and baking soda is hot or cold.

Introduction:

Thermodynamics is the branch of chemistry which studies the difference of heat and energies of product and reactant in the chemical reaction. Therefore, the sign of free energy change and heat change for a given chemical reaction is predicted by using the concept of thermodynamics.

Explanation of Solution

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which heat is absorbed. In endothermic reactions, the flow of heat is inside the reaction mixture that results in a positive value of enthalpy change.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions which involve the release of heat. In exothermic reactions, the flow of heat is outside the reaction mixture that results in the negative value of enthalpy change.

A spontaneous process is a process which does not require any external effort for its initiation and a non-spontaneous process is a process which requires heat for its initiation.

As per the given facts, the temperature of the given test tube containing the reaction mixture depends upon the enthalpy change of the reaction. If enthalpy change of the reaction is positive, the test tube will be cold after the completion of the reaction and if the enthalpy change is negative, the test tube will be hot after the completion of the reaction.

Since the given reaction is given to be spontaneous and endothermic in nature; therefore, heat flows inside the reaction mixture and test tube containing the reaction mixture will be cold after the completion of the reaction.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The sign of ΔG for the given reaction and an explanation corresponding to the same.

Introduction:

The free energy change (ΔG) is defined as the difference between the total energy change corresponding to a system (ΔH) and the amount of energy that has been lost to entropy (ΔS) at a given temperature (T). The formula to calculate the free energy change is, ΔG=ΔH−TΔS

Explanation of Solution

The free energy change (ΔG) of a reaction depends upon the nature of the reaction. If the reaction is spontaneous in nature then the value of free energy change is negative and the value of free energy change is positive if the reaction is non-spontaneous.

Since the stated reaction is given to be spontaneous in nature; therefore, the free energy change of the reaction is negative.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine:

If the test tube containing the given reaction mixture of vinegar and baking soda is hot or cold.

Introduction:

Thermodynamics is the branch of chemistry which studies the difference of heat and energies of product and reactant in the chemical reaction. Therefore, the sign of free energy change and heat change for a given chemical reaction is predicted by using the concept of thermodynamics.

Explanation of Solution

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which heat is absorbed. In endothermic reactions, the flow of heat is inside the reaction mixture that results in a positive value of enthalpy change.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions which involve the release of heat. In exothermic reactions, the flow of heat is outside the reaction mixture that results in the negative value of enthalpy change.

A spontaneous process is a process which does not require any external effort for its initiation and a non-spontaneous process is a process which requires heat for its initiation.

As per the given facts, the temperature of the given test tube containing the reaction mixture depends upon the enthalpy change of the reaction. If enthalpy change of the reaction is positive, the test tube will be cold after the completion of the reaction and if the enthalpy change is negative, the test tube will be hot after the completion of the reaction.

Since the given reaction is given to be spontaneous and endothermic in nature; therefore, heat flows inside the reaction mixture and test tube containing the reaction mixture will be cold after the completion of the reaction.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

To determine:

If the test tube containing the given reaction mixture of vinegar and baking soda is hot or cold.

Introduction:

Thermodynamics is the branch of chemistry which studies the difference of heat and energies of product and reactant in the chemical reaction. Therefore, the sign of free energy change and heat change for a given chemical reaction is predicted by using the concept of thermodynamics.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which heat is absorbed. In endothermic reactions, the flow of heat is inside the reaction mixture that results in a positive value of enthalpy change.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions which involve the release of heat. In exothermic reactions, the flow of heat is outside the reaction mixture that results in the negative value of enthalpy change.

A spontaneous process is a process which does not require any external effort for its initiation and a non-spontaneous process is a process which requires heat for its initiation.

As per the given facts, the temperature of the given test tube containing the reaction mixture depends upon the enthalpy change of the reaction. If enthalpy change of the reaction is positive, the test tube will be cold after the completion of the reaction and if the enthalpy change is negative, the test tube will be hot after the completion of the reaction.

Since the given reaction is given to be spontaneous and endothermic in nature; therefore, heat flows inside the reaction mixture and test tube containing the reaction mixture will be cold after the completion of the reaction.

Answer 14

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The sign of ΔG for the given reaction and an explanation corresponding to the same.

Introduction:

The free energy change (ΔG) is defined as the difference between the total energy change corresponding to a system (ΔH) and the amount of energy that has been lost to entropy (ΔS) at a given temperature (T). The formula to calculate the free energy change is, ΔG=ΔH−TΔS

Explanation of Solution

The free energy change (ΔG) of a reaction depends upon the nature of the reaction. If the reaction is spontaneous in nature then the value of free energy change is negative and the value of free energy change is positive if the reaction is non-spontaneous.

Since the stated reaction is given to be spontaneous in nature; therefore, the free energy change of the reaction is negative.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The sign of ΔG for the given reaction and an explanation corresponding to the same.

Introduction:

The free energy change (ΔG) is defined as the difference between the total energy change corresponding to a system (ΔH) and the amount of energy that has been lost to entropy (ΔS) at a given temperature (T). The formula to calculate the free energy change is, ΔG=ΔH−TΔS

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

The free energy change (ΔG) of a reaction depends upon the nature of the reaction. If the reaction is spontaneous in nature then the value of free energy change is negative and the value of free energy change is positive if the reaction is non-spontaneous.

Since the stated reaction is given to be spontaneous in nature; therefore, the free energy change of the reaction is negative.

Answer 20

Ch. 5 - When vinegar (CH3COOH) and baking soda (NaHCO3)...Ch. 5 - In your own words, define free energy change, G....Ch. 5 - Classify the following as exothermic or...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4PP Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.5PP Ch. 5 - Classify the following as spontaneous or...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.7PP Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.8PP Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9PP Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.10PP

When vinegar (CH 3 COOH) and baking soda (NaHCO 3 ) are combined, the mixture spontaneously undergoes an endothermic reaction while releasing CO 2 gas. Would the test tube feel hot or cold? Do you think this reaction would have a + or − value for Δ G ? Explain your reasoning.

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