Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285866932
Author: Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 3TAHL
The hormone insulin enhances the carrier-mediated transport of glucose into most of the body’s cells but not into brain cells. The uptake of glucose from the blood by neurons does not depend on insulin. Knowing the brain’s need for a continuous supply of blood-borne glucose, predict the effect that insulin excess would have on the brain.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
During a sympathetic nervous system response to an event, your heart rate increases, indicating the part of the heart responsible for controlling heart rate (the sinoatrial node) is innervated by sympathetic nerves. The SA node is also responsive to epinephrine,a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla. Explain why the onset of the effect of the hormone is so much slower than the onset of the effect from sympathetic nerve stimulation and yet the effect of the hormone lasts much longer than the effect of nerve stimulation.
Catecholamines are neurotransmitters that are produced in the adrenal glands and are released during a stress response. Some typical effects are increased heart rate, increased blood glucose levels and elevated blood pressure. Examples
include dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.
Reserpine is a drug that can control high blood pressure by reducing the number of catecholamine neurotransmitters present in the synapse. Which of the following rows correctly identifies the effect of reserpine in the synapse and the division of
the nervous system it affects?
Select one:
а.
Effect in the Synapse
Division of the Nervous System
Keeps catecholamines longer
in the synapse
Sympathetic nervous system
b.
Effect in the Synapse
Division of the Nervous System
Inhibits release of catecholamines from the presynaptic neuron Sympathetic nervous system
С.
Effect in the Synapse
Division of the Nervous System
Inhibits release of catecholamines from presynaptic neuron Parasympathetic nervous system
d.…
Catecholamines are neurotransmitters that are produced in the adrenal glands and are released during a stress response. Some typical effects are increased heart rate, increased blood glucose levels and elevated blood pressure. Examples
include dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.
Reserpine is a drug that can control high blood pressure by reducing the number of catecholamine neurotransmitters present in the synapse. Which f the following rows correctly identifies the effect of reserpine in the synapse and the division of
the nervous system it affects?
Select one:
Effect in the Synapse
Division of the Nervous System
Keeps catecholamines longer Sympathetic nervous system
in the synapse
b.
Effect in the Synapse
Division of the Nervous System
Inhibits release of catecholamines from the presynaptic neuron Sympathetic nervous system
Division of the Nervous System
Effect in the Synapse
Inhibits release of catecholamines from presynaptic neuron Parasympathetic nervous system
d.
Effect in…
Chapter 5 Solutions
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 5.1 - Draw a flow diagram showing the organization of...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 5.1 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 5.2 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 5.2 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 5.2 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 5.3 - Outline the components of the brain from the least...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 5.4 - Prob. 1CYU
Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 5.4 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 5.4 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 5.5 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 5.5 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 5.5 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 5.6 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 5.6 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 5.6 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 5.7 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 5.7 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 5.7 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 5.7 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 5.8 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 5.8 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 5.9 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 5.9 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 5.9 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 5.10 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 5.10 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 5 - Prob. 1RECh. 5 - In emergencies when O2 supplies are low, the brain...Ch. 5 - Stellate cells initially process sensory input to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4RECh. 5 - Prob. 5RECh. 5 - Prob. 6RECh. 5 - Prob. 7RECh. 5 - Prob. 8RECh. 5 - Prob. 9RECh. 5 - Prob. 10RECh. 5 - Prob. 11RECh. 5 - Prob. 12RECh. 5 - Prob. 13RECh. 5 - Discuss the function of each of the following:...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2UCCh. 5 - Prob. 3UCCh. 5 - Prob. 4UCCh. 5 - Prob. 5UCCh. 5 - Prob. 6UCCh. 5 - Prob. 7UCCh. 5 - Prob. 8UCCh. 5 - Prob. 9UCCh. 5 - Prob. 10UCCh. 5 - Prob. 11UCCh. 5 - Prob. 12UCCh. 5 - Prob. 13UCCh. 5 - Prob. 14UCCh. 5 - Distinguish between a monosynaptic and a...Ch. 5 - Julio D., who had recently retired, was enjoying...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1TAHLCh. 5 - Prob. 2TAHLCh. 5 - The hormone insulin enhances the carrier-mediated...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4TAHLCh. 5 - Under what circumstances might it be inadvisable...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Identify each of the following reproductive barriers as prezygotic or postzygotic. a. One lilac species lives o...
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
Propose a model for the assembly of a flagellum in a typical Gram-positive cell envelope.
Prescott's Microbiology
Some species of bacteria that live at the surface of sediment on the bottom of lakes are capable of using eithe...
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
What is the difference between histology and radiography?
Human Anatomy (8th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Flaccid paralysis (resulting from the failure of muscles to contract), induced by the neurotoxin tubocurarine, occurs when this poison blocks the binding of: the inhibitory neurotransmitter melatonin to post-synaptic bicarbonate channels the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to post-synaptic calcium channels the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine to post-synaptic sodium channels the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine to post-synaptic chloride channels the excitatory neurotransmitter serotonin to post-synaptic potassium channelsarrow_forwardSerotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are a group of neurotransmitters collectively called monoamines. A lack of these monoamines has been linked to depression. Depression is treated with dru that prolong the effect of these neurotransmitters either by preventing the re-uptake of the neurotransmitters, or by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down these neurotransmitters. Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters'are true? The table lists the classifications of three antidepressants. Antidepressant Classification fluoxetine selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) phenelzine monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor amitriptyline tricyclic antidepressant Check all that apply. View Available Hint(s) MAO inhibitors are examples of monoamine antagonists. EFluoxetine inhibits the enzyme that breaks down monoamines. ODopamine plays a role in feelings of pleasure and pain. DA deficiency of serotonin norepinephrine, and dopamine is associated with depression. Some drug…arrow_forwardA patient has been exposed to the organophosphate pesticide malathion,which inactivates acetylcholinesterase. Which of the following symptoms would you predict: blurring of vision, excess tear formation, frequent or involuntary urination, pallor (pale skin), muscle twitching, orcramps? Would atropine be an effective drug to treat the symptoms?(See Clinical Impact 16.2 for the action of atropine.) Explain.arrow_forward
- Parkinson's Disease Parkinson's disease is a neurological degenerative disorder that affects movement. Most people affected with Parkinson's disease demonstrate rigidity, slow movement, and shaking. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease occur when the cells that produce dopamine neurotransmitters die in the brain. Since most symptoms of Parkinson's disease are caused by insufficient dopamine in the brain, many Parkinson's drugs either temporarily replenish dopamine or mimic the action of dopamine. Explain how the signal transmission at a synapse in an individual with Parkinson's disease is different than an unaffected individual. 1. List the steps involved in an action potential moving from the axon terminal of the pre-synaptic neuron to the dendrites of the post-synaptic neuron. 2. Explain how the process is different in individuals affected with Parkinson's disease.arrow_forwardIf a patient was experiencing difficulty controlling their movement and displaying motor tremors and this problem was seen ONLY in the central nervous system (not PNS), what system in the central nervous system is likely where the dysfunction is located, what neurotransmitter would likely be related to these symptoms, and what would be the effect of blocking reuptake for this neurotransmitter if the patient was given a reuptake inhibitor for this neurotransmitter?arrow_forwardAutism is a condition that is generally characterized by difficulties in communicating, understanding abstract concepts, and forming relationships with other people. Recent studies show that children with autism tend to have low levels of oxytocin. Oxytocin nasal spray has been tried as a medical intervention. List two main functions of oxytocin in the body.arrow_forward
- The autonomous nervous system regulates involuntary functions of the body and can be subdivided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system. Both of these systems control the same group of body functions, but have opposite effects on the functions they regulate. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for intense physical activity like the fight-or-flight response. The parasympathetic nervous system has the opposite effect and relaxes the body and inhibits or slows many high energy functions. Which of the following involuntary effects in the body are brought about by the sympathetic nervous system during a fight-or- flight situation? i. Increased salivation ii. Increased digestion ii. Loss of bowel and bladder control iv. Body shivering Сrying Pupil dilation B. i, iv and v V. vi. A. i, ii and vi C. iii, iv and vi D. iii and varrow_forwardThe hypothalamus is a significant part of our brain that is responsible for more than one function. Please explain in detail, using appropriate examples, the role that the hypothalamus plays in our body.arrow_forwardThere is a toxin extracted from pufferfish called tetrodotoxin (TTX), which completely inhibits (blocks) voltage-gated sodium channels. In low doses it can cause a slight numbness (people eat contaminated pufferfish sometimes!), in high doses it is lethal. Why is this the case? It prevents glutamate uptake and reuptake, causing seizures in the brain Ob. It causes excess neuronal activity, leading to excitotoxicity and cell death It destroys myelin around axons, slowing action potential propagation It prevents action potentials from being initiated, stopping all synaptic transmission O 0 o oarrow_forward
- If Devan’s brain is producing serotonin and GABA, he would need to get plenty of which vitamins in order to make them? Group of answer choices Thiamin and pantothenic acid Pyridoxine and pantothenic acid Niacin and thiamin Pyridoxine and thiaminearrow_forwardDrugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) affect the reuptake of neurotransmitter by presynaptic cells. SSRIs are used for the treatment of depression. Serotonin normally causes an excitatory postsynaptic potential. Explain why neurotransmitter reuptake is important. And describe what effect the SSRI would have on the response of these postsynaptic cells and why.arrow_forwardThe amygdalae are almond shaped structures found near the hippocampus in the brain. The amygdalae are responsible for certain emotions such as fear and can trigger changes in the body in response to these emotions.The amygdalae are regulated by the structure of the brain that controls reasoning and critical thinking.The structure of the brain that regulates the amygdalae and the hormone that is released when the amygdalae sense fear are, respectively: Select one: a. Structure Hormone Parietal lobe Cortisol b. Structure Hormone Frontal lobe Cortisol c. Structure Hormone Frontal lobe Epinephrine d. Structure Hormone Parietal lobe Epinephrinearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
What is Metabolism?; Author: Stated Clearly;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRq6N5NGD1U;License: Standard youtube license