Conceptual Integrated Science
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135197394
Author: Hewitt, Paul G., LYONS, Suzanne, (science Teacher), Suchocki, John, Yeh, Jennifer (jennifer Jean)
Publisher: PEARSON EDUCATION (COLLEGE)
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 38TIS
How does the escape speed from planet Jupiter compare with the escape speed from the Sun?
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What is the escape speed from the surface of Earth? Assume there is no energy loss
from air resistance. Compare this to the escape speed from the Sun, starting from Earth's
orbit. (1.12 x 104 m/s, 4.21 x 104 m/s)
when we calculate escape speeds, we usually do so with the assumption that the object from which we are calculating escape speed is isolated. This is, of course, generally not true in the solar system. Show that the escape speed at a point near a system that consists of two stationary massive spherical objects is equal to the square root of the sum of the squares of the escape speeds from each of the two objects considered individually.
Calculate the escape speed from the earth, if in lunar orbit.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Conceptual Integrated Science
Ch. 5 - What connection did Newton make between a falling...Ch. 5 - What does it mean to say that something moving in...Ch. 5 - In what sense does the Moon fall?Ch. 5 - State Newtons law of gravitation in words. Then...Ch. 5 - How does the force of gravity between two bodies...Ch. 5 - How does the brightness of light on a surface...Ch. 5 - At what distance from Earth is the gravitational...Ch. 5 - What is the magnitude of gravitational force...Ch. 5 - What is the magnitude of the gravitational force...Ch. 5 - Would the springs inside a bathroom scale be more...
Ch. 5 - Answer the preceding questions for the case of an...Ch. 5 - When is your weight equal to mg?Ch. 5 - When is your weight greater than mg?Ch. 5 - When is your weight zero?Ch. 5 - When you whirl a can at the end of a string in a...Ch. 5 - How can weight be simulated in a space habitat?Ch. 5 - What exactly is a projectile?Ch. 5 - How much speed does a freely falling object gain...Ch. 5 - With no gravity, a horizontally moving projectile...Ch. 5 - A ball is batted upward at an angle. What happens...Ch. 5 - A projectile is launched at an angle of 75 above...Ch. 5 - A projectile is launched vertically at 30 m/s. If...Ch. 5 - What is the effect of air drag on the height and...Ch. 5 - Why will a projectile that moves horizontally at 8...Ch. 5 - Why is it important that the projectile in the...Ch. 5 - Is it correct to say that the planets of the solar...Ch. 5 - Why does the force of gravity on a satellite...Ch. 5 - Why does the speed of a satellite moving in a...Ch. 5 - In what location are the sense organs in humans...Ch. 5 - Speculate on how the vestibular system might be...Ch. 5 - Prob. 31TISCh. 5 - Why does spreading feet apart help a surfer stay...Ch. 5 - Where is the center of gravity of a donut?Ch. 5 - Prob. 34TISCh. 5 - Why cant you stand with your heels and back to a...Ch. 5 - What is the minimum speed for orbiting Earth in a...Ch. 5 - How was Pioneer10 able to escape the solar system...Ch. 5 - How does the escape speed from planet Jupiter...Ch. 5 - A space vehicle can outrun Earths gravity, but can...Ch. 5 - Using the formula for gravity, show that the force...Ch. 5 - Calculate the force of gravity on the same 1-kg...Ch. 5 - Calculate the force of gravity between Earth...Ch. 5 - Calculate the force of gravity between Earth and...Ch. 5 - The planet and its moon gravitationally attract...Ch. 5 - Rank the average gravitational forces from...Ch. 5 - Consider the light of multiple candle flames, each...Ch. 5 - A ball is thrown upward at the velocities and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 53TCCh. 5 - The positions of a satellite in elliptical orbit...Ch. 5 - If you stood atop a super-tall ladder three times...Ch. 5 - Find the change in the force of gravity between...Ch. 5 - Find the change in the force of gravity between...Ch. 5 - Find the change in the force of gravity between...Ch. 5 - Find the change in the force of gravity between...Ch. 5 - By what factor would your weight change if Earths...Ch. 5 - Find the change in the force of gravity between...Ch. 5 - Consider a bright point light source located 1 m...Ch. 5 - Calculate the force of gravity between Mars mass...Ch. 5 - Students in a lab roll a steel ball off the edge...Ch. 5 - Which is gravitationally attracted to Earth: an...Ch. 5 - How can the Moon fall toward Earth without getting...Ch. 5 - What would be the path of the Moon if somehow all...Ch. 5 - Is the force of gravity stronger on a piece of...Ch. 5 - Is the force of gravity on a piece of paper...Ch. 5 - What are the magnitude and direction of the...Ch. 5 - In what way does the constant G change a...Ch. 5 - Is gravitational force acting on a person who...Ch. 5 - How would the force change between a planet and...Ch. 5 - Phil works on the 15th floor of an office...Ch. 5 - Since 2013, Curiosity has been roving over the...Ch. 5 - Earth is not exactly a sphere but, rather, bulges...Ch. 5 - When Phil hangs from a single strand of rope,...Ch. 5 - If you were in a freely falling elevator and you...Ch. 5 - If Earth somehow expanded to a larger radius, with...Ch. 5 - What two forces act on you while you are in a...Ch. 5 - In what way does habitation in space alter the...Ch. 5 - Why is no work done by the centripetal force...Ch. 5 - What path would you follow if you fell off the...Ch. 5 - Chuck Stone releases a ball near the top of a...Ch. 5 - A heavy crate accidentally falls from a...Ch. 5 - How does the vertical component of motion for a...Ch. 5 - In the absence of air drag, why doesnt the...Ch. 5 - At what point in its trajectory does a batted...Ch. 5 - Each of two golfers hits a ball at the same speed,...Ch. 5 - How does air drag on a batted baseball affect the...Ch. 5 - Are the planets of the solar system simply...Ch. 5 - If you have ever watched the launching of an Earth...Ch. 5 - A satellite can orbit at 5km above the Moon but...Ch. 5 - Earths surface curves. It drops 5meters vertically...Ch. 5 - What is the shape of the orbit when the velocity...Ch. 5 - Prob. 96TECh. 5 - If a flight mechanic drops a box of tools from a...Ch. 5 - How could an astronaut in a space vehicle drop an...Ch. 5 - If you stopped an Earth satellite dead in its...Ch. 5 - At what point in Earths elliptical path about the...Ch. 5 - Earth is farthest away from the Sun in July and...Ch. 5 - A friend says that astronauts inside the...Ch. 5 - To begin your wingsuit flight, you step off the...Ch. 5 - Earth and the Moon are attracted to each other by...Ch. 5 - Why do passengers in high altitude jet planes feel...Ch. 5 - Since the Moon is gravitationally attracted to...Ch. 5 - Newton knew that if a cannonball were fired from a...Ch. 5 - A park ranger shoots a monkey hanging from a...Ch. 5 - The Moon falls toward Earth in the sense that it...Ch. 5 - The force of gravity between two planets depends...Ch. 5 - Inhabitants of the International Space Station are...Ch. 5 - A spacecraft on its way from Earth to the Moon is...Ch. 5 - If you tossed a baseball horizontally and with no...Ch. 5 - When no air resistance acts on a projectile, its...Ch. 5 - Without air resistance, a ball tossed at an angle...Ch. 5 - When you toss a projectile sideways, it curves as...Ch. 5 - A satellite in elliptical orbit about Earth...Ch. 5 - A satellite in Earths orbit is mainly above Earths...
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- Check Your Understanding If we send a probe out of the solar system starting form Earth’s surface, do we only have to escape the Sun?arrow_forwardA system consists of five particles. How many terms appear in the expression for the total gravitational potential energy of the system? (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 20 (e) 25arrow_forwardRank the following quantities of energy from largest to the smallest. State if any are equal. (a) the absolute value of the average potential energy of the SunEarth system (b) the average kinetic energy of the Earth in its orbital motion relative to the Sun (c) the absolute value of the total energy of the SunEarth systemarrow_forward
- An average-sized asteroid located 5.0107km from Earth with mass 2.01013kg is detected headed directly toward Earth with speed of 2.0km/s . What will its speed be just before it hits our atmosphere? (You may ignore the size of the asteroid.)arrow_forwardShow that the areal velocity for a circular orbit of radius r about a mass M is At=12GMr . Does your expression give the correct value for Earth’s areal vilocity about the Sun?arrow_forwardWhat is the escape velocity from the Sun? How much greater is it than the escape velocity from Earth?arrow_forward
- Find the speed needed to escape from the solar system starting from the surface of Earth. Assume there are no other bodies involved and do not account for the fact that Earth is moving in its orbit. [Hint: Equation 13.6 does not apply. Use Equation 13.5 and include the potential energy of both Earth and the Sun. Substituting the values for Earth’s mass and radius directly into Equation 13.6, we obtain vesc=2GMR=2(6.67 10 11Nm2/kg2)(5.96 10 24kg)(6.37 106m)=1.12104m/s That is about 11 km/s or 25,000 mph. To escape the Sun, starting from Earth’s orbit, we use R=RES=1.501011m and MSum=1.991030kg . The result is vesc=4.21104m/s or about 42 km/s. We have 12mvesc2GMmR=12m02GMm=0 Solving for the escape velocity,arrow_forwardUsing the above equation and what you know about kinetic energy and energy conservation, show that the expression for the escape velocity ve from a planet of radius R is . (Hint: To just escape the planet, the object’s speed must be 0 infinitely far from the planet.) and find the escape velocity of an object being launched from Earth. Earth has a radius of and a mass of .arrow_forwardYou are out on a date, eating dinner in a restaurant that has several television screens. Most of the screens are showing sports events, but one near you and your date is showing a discussion of an upcoming voyage to Mars. (a) Your date says, “I wonder how long it takes to get to Mars?” Wanting to impress your date, you grab a napkin and draw as shownon it. Even more impressively, you tell your date that the minimum-energy transfer orbit from Earth to Mars is an elliptical trajectory with the departure planet corresponding to the perihelion of the ellipse and the arrival planet at the aphelion. You pull out your smartphone, activate the calculator feature, and perform a calculation on another napkin to answer the question above that your date asked about the transfer time interval to Mars on this particular trajectory. (b) What If? Your date is impressed, but then asks you to determine the transit time to an inner planet, like Venus.arrow_forward
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