Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 2FTB
A membrane that is permeable to some substances but not to others isdescribed as being ____. The movement of a substance through a membrane down its concentration gradient is called ____. When applied to water, this process is called ___. Channels that are specific for water are called _______. The process that moves substances through a membrane against their concentration gradient is called _____.
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Students have asked these similar questions
The movement of water is called osmosis. Osmosis is the diffusion of water, and it too moves to reach equilibrium.
The relationship between solute concentration and water are opposite. An area with high concentration of solute has less water "concentration", and an area of low solute concentration has a higher water "concentration".
Select the options that describe the movement of water if there is a gradient across a membrane.
Hint:
There are two correct answers. One with the solute perspective and one with a water perspective.
Select all that apply:
Water moves from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration.
Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
Water moves from an area of high water "concentration" to an area of low water "concentration".
Water moves from an area of low water "concentration" to an area of high water "concentration".
A solution of water and dissolved ions is separated by a selectively permeable membrane that allows the passage of water but not small ions. The concentration of sodium is higher on one side of the membrane than onthe other side. However, there is no net movement of water across the membrane. How is this possible?
When two chambers are separated by a membrane permeable to water but not solute, if water is free to move in either direction without limitation or pressure, then water will
move until the concentration of solute on both sides of the chamber is equal
move until there is no water on the dilute side
move until there is no water on the concentrated side
move until the concentration of water on both sides of the chamber is equal
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 5 -
1. Membranes consist of a bilayer of ________....Ch. 5 - A membrane that is permeable to some substances...Ch. 5 - Facilitated diffusion involves either _____...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4FTBCh. 5 -
5. After each molecule, place the two-word term...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6FTBCh. 5 - Describe and diagram the structure of a plasma...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2RQCh. 5 - What are the five categories of proteins commonly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4RQ
Ch. 5 -
5. Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic....Ch. 5 -
6. Describe the following types of transport...Ch. 5 - Name the protein that allows facilitated diffusion...Ch. 5 - Imagine a container of glucose solution, divided...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9RQCh. 5 -
1. Different cells have different plasma...Ch. 5 - Predict and sketch the configuration of...Ch. 5 - The fluid portion of blood, in which red blood...Ch. 5 - Some cells in the nervous system wrap themselves...
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- The passive movement of a solute through a membrane protein down its concentration gradient is an example of _________. a. osmosis b. active transport c. endocytosis d. diffusionarrow_forwardThe principal force driving movement in diffusion is______. a. temperature b. particle size c. concentration gradient d. membrane surface areaarrow_forwardIf a cell is placed in a solution that has the same concentration of solutes as in its cytoplasm, the solution is referred to as: O Isotonic Hypertonic O Hypotonic Osmoticarrow_forward
- A cell is placed in a hypertonic medium triggering its regulatory volume control mechanism. Which of the following statements best describes the main ion movement responsible for the regulatory volume control in this situation? Efflux of K+ from the cytosol. Efflux of Na+ from the cytosol. Influx of Na+ into the cytosol. Influx of K+ into the cytosol.arrow_forwardA substance moving across a membrane against a concentration gradient is moving by: active transport facilitated diffusion passive transport osmosisarrow_forwardThe concentration gradient describes the difference in solute concentration across a membrane. the difference in ion concentration across a membrane. all of the answer are correct. the difference in charge concentration across a membrane.arrow_forward
- In osmosis, water flows from hypertonic/hypotonic/isotonic solutions to hypertonic/hypotonic/isotonic solutions, until both solutions are hypertonic/hypotonic/isotonic.arrow_forwardOne system consists of a permeable membrane with an intracellular concentration greater than the extracellular concentration. A second system is a semi-permeable membrane with intracellular concentration less than the extracellular concentration. Describe the solution type for each system. Group of answer choices The permeable membrane is hypotonic, the semi-permeable membrane is isotonic. Both systems are isotonic. The permeable membrane is isotonic, the semi-permeable membrane is hypertonic. The permeable membrane is isotonic, the semi-permeable membrane is hypotonic. The permeable membrane is hypertonic, the semi-permeable membrane is isotonic.arrow_forwardA phospholipid bilayer separates two chambers. The chambers both contain the same volume of water. The left chamber contains 150 mM of an unknown solute A. Solute B is dissolved in the right chamber also at a concentration of 150 mM. Therefore, the initial osmolarity is the same (isotonic) between the two chambers. However, after a short time, the volume increases substantially in the right chamber. What is the most likely ranking of permeability for the molecules to cause this change? (greater permeability means that the molecule moves first across the membrane)arrow_forward
- In an investigation of osmosis, apple cores were submerged in different molarity solutions to determine the unknown osmolarity of the apple. To determine the molarity five uniform apple cores were massed before submerging them in different molarity solutions. After 24 hours the apple cores were massed again. Then the percent change in mass was determined for the five uniform apple cores in each molarity solution. Molarity of Solution Average % Change of Mass of Apple Cores 0.0 M 21.5 0.2 M 8.0 0.4 M -7.4 0.6 M -19.2 0.8 M -22.7 1.0 M -36.3 (b) Identify the osmolarity of the apple. (c) Describe the environmental conditions taking place in each of the six solutions with the apples.arrow_forwardSimple diffusion is ____________ movement of water down concentration gradient using a protein channel movement of materials against their concentration gradient movement of one substance against, and one substance down their concentration gradients movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration using no protein channels movement of materials down their concentration gradient using a protein channelarrow_forwardTwo aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semi permeable membrane. Osmosis is allowed to take place. The water will: move towards the side with higher solute concentration move towards the side with higher water concentration move equally in both directions not cross the membranearrow_forward
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