Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Chapter 5, Problem 3AC
The fluid portion of blood, in which red blood cells are suspended, is called plasma. Is the plasma likely to be isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic to the red blood cells? Explain.
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Define osmosis and describe the effects of placing red blood cells in the following solutions
1, Hypertonic salline solution (3%Nacl)
2, Hypertonic salline solution (0.45%Nacl)
3,Isotonic/normal salline (0.9%Nacl)
Mannitol, a carbohydrate, is supplied as a 25% (w/v) solution. This hypertonic solution is given to patients who have sustained a head injury with associated brain swelling. (a) What volume should be given to provide a dose of 70. g? (b) How does the hypertonic mannitol benefi t brain swelling?
A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, a large amount of distilled water was transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion?
It will have serious, perhaps fatal, consequences because the red blood cells will be hypertonic relative to the body fluids and the cells will burst.
It will have serious, perhaps fatal, consequences because the red blood cells will be hypotonic relative to the body fluids and the cells will shrivel.
It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.
It will have no serious effect because the kidneys would quickly eliminate the excess water.
It will have serious, perhaps fatal, consequences because there will be too much fluid for the heart to pump.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 5 -
1. Membranes consist of a bilayer of ________....Ch. 5 - A membrane that is permeable to some substances...Ch. 5 - Facilitated diffusion involves either _____...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4FTBCh. 5 -
5. After each molecule, place the two-word term...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6FTBCh. 5 - Describe and diagram the structure of a plasma...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2RQCh. 5 - What are the five categories of proteins commonly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4RQ
Ch. 5 -
5. Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic....Ch. 5 -
6. Describe the following types of transport...Ch. 5 - Name the protein that allows facilitated diffusion...Ch. 5 - Imagine a container of glucose solution, divided...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9RQCh. 5 -
1. Different cells have different plasma...Ch. 5 - Predict and sketch the configuration of...Ch. 5 - The fluid portion of blood, in which red blood...Ch. 5 - Some cells in the nervous system wrap themselves...
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- In the following diagram, identify the type of solution (hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic) in which each red blood cell is immersed.arrow_forwardWhat happens to a red blood cell in a hypertonic, isotinic and hypotonic solution? How is the absorbance changing?arrow_forwardThe intracellular salt content of a red blood cell is about 150 mM. The cell is put in a 500 mM salt beaker. (a) Describe what will happen to the cell in terms of osmosis if the cell membrane is permeable to water but not to ions. (b) Which direction would solutes diff use if the membrane was permeable to ions: into or out of the cell?arrow_forward
- Why does a red blood cell plasma membrane need transmembrane proteins?arrow_forwardA red blood cell with an intracellular fluid (ICF) concentration of 280 mmol/L, is placed into an environment were the concentration of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is 305 mmol/L. As a result, water will move across the cell/plasma membrane. a) Name the process by which water moves b) Describe the overall direction of movement of the water. Answer choices: (i) From outside the cell to inside the cell (ii) From inside the cell to outside the cell, or (iii) Equally, into and out of the cell iii Explain your reasoning for your answer to part (c). 1In your answer you must describe the environment on both sides of the membrane, and use 3 of the following 4 terms correctly; hypertonic, hypotonic, lower solute concentration, higher solute concentrationn (2pts -Correct use of biological terminology, and correct spelling is essential. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v Paragraph BIUA ...arrow_forwardIn the diagram below, which situation is when the red blood cell is exposed to hypertonic solution? What is happening to the red blood cells in that situation? (a) (b) (c) O c: hemolysis O c; crenation a; hemolysis O a; crenationarrow_forward
- Intravenous solutions must be prepared so that they are isotonic to red blood cells. A 0.9% salt solution is isotonic. What will happen to a red blood cell placed in a 0.6% salt solution?arrow_forwardThe tonicity of blood plasma is 0.9% NaCl (equivalent to 99.1% water and 0.9% solutes.) What is the tonicity (express as a %) of red blood cells suspended in that plasma? How would you describe this tonicity (hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic)? Narrow_forwardA red blood cell will swell and undergo hemolysis when placed in a hypotonic solution. Why this happens considering the principles of osmosis?arrow_forward
- Identify and explain two ways in which plasma membranes, composed of plasma molecules such as shown here, can remain fluid when the temperature drops.arrow_forwardThe volume of a red blood cell will remain unchanged in... 1) distilled water, a isotonic solution 2) 150 mM NaCl, an isotonic solution 3) 150 mM glucose, an isotonic solution 4) 150 mM MgCl2, an isotonic solutionarrow_forwardContrast the composition of the intracellular fluid with that of the extracellular fluid.arrow_forward
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