College Physics, Volume 1
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781133710271
Author: Giordano
Publisher: Cengage
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Chapter 5, Problem 14Q
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To explain whether the prospector is standing on a deposit of gold or over an underground lake.
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A hypothetical planet has a mass 2.68 times that of Earth, but the same radius. What is g near its surface?Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
In this problem, you are going to explore three different ways to determine the gravitational constant G.
a) By observing that the centripetal acceleration of the Moon around the Earth is ac = 2.66 × 10-3 m/s2, what is the gravitatonal constant G, in cubic meters per kilogram per square second? Assume the Earth has a mass of ME = 5.96 × 1024 kg, and the mean distance between the centers of the Earth and Moon is rm = 3.81 × 108 m.
b) Measuring the centripetal acceleration of an orbiting object is rather difficult, so an alternative approach is to use the period of the orbiting object. Find an expression for the gravitational constant in terms of the distance between the gravitating objects rm, the mass of the larger body (the earth) ME, and the period of the orbiting body T.
c) The gravitational constant may also be calculated by analyzing the motion of an object, launched from the surface of the earth at an initial velocity of vi. Find an expression of the gravitational constant…
An object of mass m is dropped from height h above a planet of mass M and radius R. Find an expression for the object's speed as it hits the ground.
Express your answer in terms of the variables m, M, h, R, and gravitational constant G.
Chapter 5 Solutions
College Physics, Volume 1
Ch. 5.1 - Velocity and Acceleration in Circular Motion...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 5.2CCCh. 5.2 - Prob. 5.3CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 5.5CCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 5.6CCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 5.7CCCh. 5 - Prob. 1QCh. 5 - Prob. 2QCh. 5 - Prob. 3QCh. 5 - Consider the Cavendish experiment in Figure 5.22....
Ch. 5 - Prob. 5QCh. 5 - Prob. 6QCh. 5 - Prob. 7QCh. 5 - What force makes it possible for a car to move...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9QCh. 5 - Prob. 10QCh. 5 - Prob. 11QCh. 5 - Prob. 12QCh. 5 - Prob. 13QCh. 5 - Prob. 14QCh. 5 - Prob. 15QCh. 5 - Prob. 16QCh. 5 - Prob. 17QCh. 5 - Prob. 18QCh. 5 - Plutos mass. In 1978, it was discovered that Pluto...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1PCh. 5 - Prob. 2PCh. 5 - Prob. 3PCh. 5 - Prob. 4PCh. 5 - Prob. 5PCh. 5 - Prob. 6PCh. 5 - Prob. 7PCh. 5 - Prob. 8PCh. 5 - Prob. 9PCh. 5 - Prob. 10PCh. 5 - A compact disc spins at 2.5 revolutions per...Ch. 5 - Prob. 12PCh. 5 - Prob. 13PCh. 5 - Prob. 14PCh. 5 - Prob. 15PCh. 5 - Consider the motion of a rock tied to a string of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 17PCh. 5 - Prob. 18PCh. 5 - Prob. 19PCh. 5 - Prob. 20PCh. 5 - Prob. 21PCh. 5 - Prob. 23PCh. 5 - Prob. 24PCh. 5 - Prob. 25PCh. 5 - Prob. 26PCh. 5 - Prob. 27PCh. 5 - Prob. 29PCh. 5 - Consider a Ferris wheel in which the chairs hang...Ch. 5 - Prob. 31PCh. 5 - Prob. 32PCh. 5 - Prob. 33PCh. 5 - Prob. 34PCh. 5 - Prob. 35PCh. 5 - Prob. 36PCh. 5 - Prob. 37PCh. 5 - Prob. 38PCh. 5 - Prob. 39PCh. 5 - Prob. 40PCh. 5 - Prob. 41PCh. 5 - Prob. 42PCh. 5 - Prob. 43PCh. 5 - Prob. 44PCh. 5 - Prob. 45PCh. 5 - Prob. 46PCh. 5 - Prob. 47PCh. 5 - Prob. 48PCh. 5 - Prob. 50PCh. 5 - Prob. 51PCh. 5 - Prob. 52PCh. 5 - Prob. 53PCh. 5 - Prob. 54PCh. 5 - Prob. 55PCh. 5 - Prob. 56PCh. 5 - Prob. 57PCh. 5 - Prob. 58PCh. 5 - Prob. 59PCh. 5 - Prob. 60PCh. 5 - Prob. 61PCh. 5 - Prob. 62PCh. 5 - Prob. 63PCh. 5 - Prob. 64PCh. 5 - Prob. 65PCh. 5 - Prob. 66PCh. 5 - Prob. 67PCh. 5 - Prob. 68PCh. 5 - Prob. 69PCh. 5 - Prob. 70PCh. 5 - Prob. 71PCh. 5 - Prob. 72PCh. 5 - A rock of mass m is tied to a string of length L...Ch. 5 - Prob. 74PCh. 5 - Prob. 75PCh. 5 - Prob. 76PCh. 5 - Prob. 77P
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- Since March 2006, NASAs Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has been in a circular orbit at an altitude of 316 km around Mars (Fig. P6.81). The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the planet Mars is 0.376g, and its radius is 3.40 103 km. Assume the acceleration due to gravity at the satellite is the same as on the planets surface. a. What is MROs orbital speed? B. What is the period of the spacecrafts orbit? FIGURE P6.81arrow_forward(a) What is the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Moon? (b) On the surface of Mars? The mass of Mars is SW 6.4181023kg and its radius is 3.38106m .arrow_forwardConsider the Earth and the Moon as a two-particle system. a. Find an expression for the gravitational field g of this two-particle system as a function of the distance r from the center of the Earth. (Do not worry about points inside either the Earth or the Moon.) b. Plot the scalar component of g as a function of distance from the center of the Earth.arrow_forward
- The International Space Station (ISS) experiences an acceleration due to the Earths gravity of 8.83 m/s2. What is the orbital period of the ISS?arrow_forward(a) Show that tidal force on a small object of mass m, defined as the difference in the gravitational force that would be exerted on m at a distance at the near and the far side of the object, due to the gravitational at a distance R from M, is given by Ftidal=2GMmR3r where r is the distance between the near and far side and rR .(b) Assume you are fallijng feet first into the black hole at the center of our galaxy. It has mass of 4 million solar masses. What would be the difference between the force at your head and your feet at the Schwarzschild radius (event horizon)? Assume your feet and head each have mass 5.0 kg and are 2.0 m apart. Would you survive passing through the event horizon?arrow_forwardTwo planets in circular orbits around a star have speed of v and 2v . (a) What is the ratio of the orbital radii of the planets? (b) What is the ratio of their periods?arrow_forward
- Calculate the effective gravitational field vector g at Earths surface at the poles and the equator. Take account of the difference in the equatorial (6378 km) and polar (6357 km) radius as well as the centrifugal force. How well does the result agree with the difference calculated with the result g = 9.780356[1 + 0.0052885 sin 2 0.0000059 sin2(2)]m/s2 where is the latitude?arrow_forwardOne of your summer lunar space camp activities is to launch a 1170 kg rocket from the surface of the Moon. You are a serious space camper and you launch a serious rocket: it reaches an altitude of 215 km. What gain AU in gravitational potential energy does the launch accomplish? The mass and radius of the Moon are 7.36 x 1022 kg and 1740 km, respectively. AU = -3.63 x108 J Incorrectarrow_forwardA: Calculate the escape velocity from the surface of a world with mass 1.00 ✕ 1024 kg and radius 2.50 ✕ 103 km. m/s B: In Robert Heinlein's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress, the colonial inhabitants of the Moon threaten to launch rocks down onto Earth if they are not given independence (or at least representation). Assuming a gun could launch a rock of mass m at 1.10 times the lunar escape speed, calculate the speed of the rock as it enters Earth's atmosphere. (We interpret "lunar escape speed" to be the escape speed from the surface of a stationary Moon alone in the universe.) km/sarrow_forward
- The center of a moon of mass m = 8 × 1023 kg is a distance D = 97 × 105 km from the center of a planet of mass M = 10.9 × 1025 kg. At some distance x from the center of the planet, along a line connecting the centers of planet and moon, the net force on an object will be zero. a. Derive an expression for x. b. Calculate x in kilometers, given the variables in the beginning of the problem.arrow_forwardJupiter's moon Io has active volcanoes (in fact, it is the most volcanically active body in the solar system) that eject material as high as 500 km (or even higher) above the surface. Io has a mass of 8.93×1022kg and a radius of 1821 km. For this calculation, ignore any variation in gravity over the 500 km range of the debris. How high would this material go on earth if it were ejected with the same speed as on Io?arrow_forwardConsider the gravitational acceleration on the surface of the Moon and of Mars. a) What is the acceleration, in meters per square second, due to gravity on the surface of the Moon? You will need to look up the mass and radius of the Moon. b) What is the acceleration, in meters per square second, due to gravity on the surface of Mars? The mass of Mars is 6.418 × 1023 kg and its radius is 3.38 × 106 m. Given: the radius of the moon is 1,080 milesarrow_forward
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