Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 49, Problem 7TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: In the mammalian brain, long-term potentiation is the main form of synaptic plasticity. The strength of synaptic transmission is increased in long-term potentiation (LTP).
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Choose the correct sequence of events along an axon: a. Resting potentials are propagated along a stimulated axon, causing a very small action potential. b. A threshold stimulus opens K+ channels and the ions diffuse in, depolarizing the cell membrane. Then Na+ channels open, Na+ exits, and the cell membrane repolarizes, generating an action potential that stimulates adjacent cell membrane, forming the impulse. c. A threshold stimulus opens Na+ channels and the ions diffuse in, depolarizing the cell membrane. Then K+ channels open, K+ exits, and the cell membrane repolarizes, generating an action potential that stimulates adjacent cell membrane, forming the impulse. d. A threshold stimulus opens Na+ channels and the ions diffuse in, depolarizing the cell membrane. Then K+ channels open, K+ exits, and the cell membrane repolarizes, generating an action potential that inhibits adjacent cell membrane, forming the impulse
What is a unique feature about the basal ganglia's anatomical organization?
Answers:
a.
Few inhibitory circuits among many excitatory loops
b.
A balance of action-promoting and action-inhibition circuits
c.
Few excitatory circuits among many inhibitory loops
d.
Basal ganglia regions send motor output straight to the brain stem to control movements
e.
A balance of LTP and LTD circuits
Which of the following is not a component of emotion? a. Visceral motor responses mediated by the hypothalamus b. Somatic motor responses mediated by the limbic system and the hypothalamus c. Somatic motor responses mediated by the upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tracts d. Subjective feelings mediated by the amygdala and the cerebral cortex
Chapter 49 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 49 - The organization of an organisms nervous system...Ch. 49 - Prob. 2IQCh. 49 - Prob. 3IQCh. 49 - Identify the structures (a-g) in the following...Ch. 49 - Prob. 5IQCh. 49 - Action potentials are initiated more readily in...Ch. 49 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 49 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 49 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 49 - Prob. 3TYK
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- A presynaptic neuron in the cerebrum transmits information to hundreds of other neurons. This process is an example of (a) convergence (b) divergence (c) temporal summation (d) spatial summation (e) a graded potentialarrow_forwardAlthough one pinch did not cause a dog to flex its leg, several simultaneous pinches at nearby locations did. Sherrington cited this observation as evidence for what?A. Temporal summationB. Spatial summationC. Inhibitory synapsesD. Refractory periodarrow_forwardAlthough one pinch did not cause a dog to flex its leg, a rapid sequence of pinches did. Sherrington cited this observation as evidence for what?A. Temporal summationB. Spatial summationC. Inhibitory synapsesD. Refractory periodarrow_forward
- Autonomic neurons whose cell bodies reside in the peripheral nervous system and are activated by action potentials of thoracolumbar origin release: a. epinephrine b. norepinephrine c. acetylcholine d. dopamine e. glutamatearrow_forwardThe Na+/K+ ATPase pump is a. not required for action potential firing. b. important for long-term maintenance of resting potential. c. important only at the synapse. d. used to stimulate graded potentials.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an unlikely consequence of consistent or persistent synaptic firing in the CNS? a. Neural pruning b. Synaptic stabilization c. Long term potentiation d. Synaptic fatigue e. None of the above Checkarrow_forward
- Imagine that you're hiking in the mountains one afternoon with friends. As you turn to the corner, you come across a mother bear and her cubs standing in the middle of the trail. A. Identify the specific division of the nervous system that is responsible that is responsible for the body's response to this situation. Explain B. Describe at least four physiological responses you might have upon seeing the bears. C. Indicate the division of the nervous system that is responsible for returning the body back to equilibrium after the event is over Explainarrow_forwardIn the control of emotion and motivation, the limbic system works together with a. the pons. b. the thalamus. c. the hypothalamus. d. the cerebellum. e. the basal nuclei.arrow_forwardAs the strength of a depolarizing stimulus to an axon is increased, a. the amplitude of action potentials increases. b. the duration of action potentials increases. c. the speed with which action potentials are conducted increases. d. the frequency with which action potentials are produced increases.arrow_forward
- What is a unique feature about the basal ganglia's anatomical organization? a. Few inhibitory circuits among many excitatory loops b. A balance of action-promoting and action-inhibition circuits c. Few excitatory circuits among many inhibitory loops d. Basal ganglia regions send motor output straight to the brain stem to control movements e. A balance of LTP and LTD circuitsarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true about the connections between motor cortex and subcortical areas such as the basal ganglia? e. All of them c. There are unique reciprocal connections between cortical and subcortical regions and each of these loops make a different contribution to behavior a. The connections from subcortical areas to the motor cortex are through the thalamus. b. There are no direct connections from the subcortical areas to the spinal cord. d. a. and c. only.arrow_forwardYou have isolated a neurotoxin from a newly discovered snake species. When you administer the toxin to brain tissue, you can no longer record an excitatory postsynaptic potential after you experimentally stimulate the presynaptic neuron. a. Draw what the experimental setup would look like. Also include a picture of the recording you would get from the postsynaptic neuron after the presynaptic stimulation before and after the administration of the toxin. Label your figures completely and label all axes.arrow_forward
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