Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 49, Problem 14TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The three primary organs of the nervous system are the spinal cord, brain, and sensory organs. Brain is the center of the nervous system and performs critical functions in regulating the heart, consciousness, and breathing.
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What do multiple sclerosis and ALS (amyotropic lateral sclerosis) have in common?a. They both are more common in young men than in young women.b. They both impair the initiation of action potentials.c. They both damage the myelin sheath, disrupting action potential transmission.d. They both impair nerve function in the peripheral nervous system
Which of the following is NOT an example of communication that happens from one neuron to another neuron?
A. Endocrine signaling (ex. hormones secreted into the blood stream travel and bind to receptors on dstant cells).
B. Retrograde neurotransmission (ex.the dendrite releases a neuroactive substance that binds to receptors on the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron).
C. Electrical communication via propagation of action potential from one node of ranvier to the next node of ranvier.
D. Volume transmission (ex. neuropeptides diffuse away from the synapse and bind to receptors on adjacent cells)
E. Electrical communication through gap junctions.
Identify the following as properties of electrical synapses (ES), chemical synapses (CS), or both (B). a. _____ The plasma membranes of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are joined by gap junctions. b. _____ Transmission is unidirectional and delayed. c. _____ A presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron are involved. d. _____ The use of neurotransmitters packaged into synaptic vesicles is required. e. _____ Transmission is nearly instantaneous and bidirection
Chapter 49 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 49 - The organization of an organisms nervous system...Ch. 49 - Prob. 2IQCh. 49 - Prob. 3IQCh. 49 - Identify the structures (a-g) in the following...Ch. 49 - Prob. 5IQCh. 49 - Action potentials are initiated more readily in...Ch. 49 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 49 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 49 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 49 - Prob. 3TYK
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- Which of the following is an unlikely consequence of consistent or persistent synaptic firing in the CNS? a. Neural pruning b. Synaptic stabilization c. Long term potentiation d. Synaptic fatigue e. None of the above Checkarrow_forward1) Which of the following accurately describes the direction of an impulse moving through a neuron that carries information to the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?a. A sensory (afferent) neuron, impulse moving distally.b. A motor (efferent) neuron, impulse moving proximally.c. A motor (efferent neuron, impulse moving distally.d. A sensory (afferent) neuron, impulse moving proximally. 2) The central nervous system (CNS) is composed ofa. spinal nerves.b. sense receptors.c. the brain and spinal cord.d. nerves of the internal organs.arrow_forwardThe Nervous System Label a diagram of a neuron (individual nerve cell), noting the function of each of the following areas: a. dendrites b. cell body с. ахоп d. synaptic terminal Describe the location and function of myelin. Explain how neurons produce and transmit information, noting: Na*, K*, resting potential, and action potential. Explain the role of the following in transmitting an action potential across the synapse: .synaptic terminal of presynaptic neuron b. synaptic cleft c. neurotransmitter d. postsynaptic neuron receptor The Endocrine System Define hormone, noting the three different types of hormones. Define negative feedback and provide a few examples. Explain the dangers of synthetic hormones. Animal Reproduction and Development Define asexual reproduction. a. Define fission and provide an example. b. Define budding and provide an example. c. Define fragmentation/regeneration and provide an еxample. d. Define parthenogenesis and provide an example. State the advantages…arrow_forward
- A neuron must reach threshold to fire an action potential. In this context, threshold refers to which event? a. voltage at which damage occurs to the membrane because of the electrical charge b. the voltage at which potassium ions begin to flow in and out of the cell c. the voltage at which voltage-gated sodium channels open d. the voltage at which the neuron can no longer produce an action potential According to studies in developing rodents, testosterone treatment causes detectable changes in: a. the sex region Y gene b. the thalamus c. the hypothalamus d. alpha-fetoproteinarrow_forwardWhich of the following describe the myelination of the nervous system correctly? Please select all that apply. A) Caudal structures are myelinated before rostral structures. B) Myelination of the human central nervous system is not complete until around the age of 25 years. C) Sensory systems are myelinated before motor systems in the cerebral cortex. D) Myelination at different ages is not very predictive of behavioral differences.arrow_forwardExplain the following mechanisms: 1. list three ways in which action potential can be initiated in neurons. 2.list the major classes of neurotransmitters and give examples of each . 3. list the functions of the hypothalamus and discuss how they relate to homeostatic control.arrow_forward
- Please note these are all one question group and should be answered as such! Which of the following statements accurately defines epineurium? A. Fluid-filled space at a synapse through which neurotransmitters diffuse B. A vesicle containing neurotransmitters in the axon terminal of a neuron C. The CT sheath that binds together the groups of fascicles, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels in a peripheral nerve D. The branch of the ANS that adapts the body for rest and digestion Which of the following statements accurately defines sacral plexus? A. The ventral rami of C1–C4 (and a small contribution from C5) that serve the head and neck B. The ventral rami of L1–L4 that serve the pelvis and lower limb C. The ventral rami of C5–T1 that serve the upper limb D. The ventral rami of L4–S4 that serve the pelvis and lower limbarrow_forward32) In order for a nerve impulse to be transmitted across a synapse, a neurotransmitter must be released froma. an axon terminal.b. a dendrite.c. a soma.d. an axon hillock. 33) What part of a neuron is responsible for receiving information?a. Axon.b. Node of Ranvier. c. Dendrite.d. Myelin sheath.arrow_forward14) Review the process by which an action potential is conducted across a synapse. Suppose that in the future you become a researcher that is trying to cure a new neurological disorder. This disorder causes some post-synaptic neurons to fire action potentials to intrequently in response to the excitatory neurotransmitter dopamine. You want to design a medication that will target the cellular mechanisms that are causing this to happen at the synapse. List (no explanation required) four different things that vour medication could do at the synapse to increase the rate of firing of action potentials, *(Note that each different thing you list should produce an effect by targeting a different part of the process by which conduction of an action potential across a synapse is regulated).arrow_forward
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