Which of the following statements is true about the connections between motor cortex and subcortical areas such as the basal ganglia?  e. All of them c. There are unique reciprocal connections between cortical and subcortical regions and each of these loops make a different contribution to behavior  a. The connections from subcortical areas to the motor cortex are through the thalamus. b. There are no direct connections from the subcortical areas to the spinal cord. d. a. and c. only.

The concept of “labeled lines” states that each nerve input to the brain reports only a particular type of information, such as auditory versus visual information. Does this happen because the nature of the nerve fibers conveying the information is unique or because the nature of the brain location where the signals are received is unique? How do you know this?

Which brain region involved in action control is incorrectly paired with its function?          a.  Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) - Plans and coordinates internal thoughts and external actions    b.  Cerebellum - Motor learning, monitor action online, coordinates the timing and trajectory of movement    c.  Frontal Eye Fields (FEF) - Execution of voluntary eye movements    d.  Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) - Responds to observed and self-enacted action

Neuroscience: Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum 1) Describe the two additional pathways through the basal ganglia (hyper direct andindirect) 2) Describe the role of dopamine signaling in the basal ganglia   Please provide pictures with your explanation.  This should help me prepare for an upcoming exam. I need to understand what is going and I'm a visual person!!

Provide a short comment regarding tongue twisters and neuroscience. (For example : Why are tongue twisters so difficult to say? Are there any benefits to using a tongue twister? Which region of the brain produces speech? Which muscles are involves?)

Which extrapyramidal tract incorporates equilibriumsensations with motor commands to aid in posture andmovement?a. tectospinal tractb. vestibulospinal tractc. reticulospinal tractd. corticospinal tract

Emergency room doctors often shine a light into the eyes of patients with head injuries to test their pupillary reflex.  The structure that relays the information between the optic nerve and the motor neuron, and the division of the nervous system that the structure is part of , respectively are:   Select one: a. an interneuron and the peripheral nervous system b. the occipital lobe and the peripheral nervous system c. the occipital lobe and the central nervous system d. an interneuron and the central nervous system

Which of the following is a correct description of current theories on the ventral pathway organization? Answers: a.  Tarr and Gauthier proposed that object recognition is on the basis of visual eccentricity   b.  Kanwisher proposed a theory suggesting that there are specialized components and a general component for object recognition   c.  Kanwisher proposed that there is a region specialized for every important mental process   d.  Tarr and Gauthier proposed that object recognition is sparsely distributed across the ventral pathway   e.  All theories suggest that face is special and that the FFA is specialized for face recognition

Coordination and timing of movements and balance are functions of which of the following brain structures?  a- basal ganglia  b- motor cortex  c- midbrain motor centers d- cerebellum

Describe Dr. LeDoux's direct ("fast and dirty") emotional pathways a. Emotional stimulus>dorso-medial thalamus>lateral nucleus of the amygdala b. Emotional stimulus>ventral sensory thalamus>neocortex>lateral nucleus of the amygdala c. Emotional stimulus>ventral sensory thalamus> PAG>central nucleus of the amygdala d. Emotional stimulus>ventral sensory thalamus> Hypothalamus>basolateral nucleus of the amygdala