Concept explainers
To determine: The main actions of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway.
Introduction: The kidney is an important organ of the excretory system, and nephron is the basic structural unit of kidney. The main function of nephron is ultrafiltration. It removes waste products, ions, and excess water from the blood, and returns the required molecules back to the blood. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) refers to the rate of flow of filtered fluid through the kidney.
To compare: The main actions of this pathway with the actions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
Introduction: Blood pressure is the force that moves the blood through the circulatory system. Angiotensin, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic peptide are hormones that participate in regulating the blood pressure.
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- Renin is secreted in response to hypovolemia or to an increase in the osmolality of the blood. Provide three possible mechanisms by which these conditions may stimulate rennin secretion. What are the consequences of increased rennin secretion that lead to increased aldosterone secretion? Present this sequence of events. Why are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) used as a common therapy for hypertension? How do they influence blood pressure? Are plasma levels of renin elevated or depressed in a patient with Conn’s disease? Why?arrow_forwardDescribe the Angiotensinogen-Angiotensin I-Angiotensin II Mechanism?arrow_forwardExplain the mechanism how furosemide affects kidney tubules. How does this affect K+ balance? How different is the mechanism of thiazide affect urine production? Describe the process of acid-base regulation in human body.arrow_forward
- Spironolactone is a widely prescribed diuretic ("water pill" - make you pee) which works by acting as an antagonist to aldosterone thus blocking its actions. Knowing this, how does spironolactone work as an antihypertensive (lower BP) and as a "potassium-sparing" diuretic?arrow_forwarda. A person ingests an ion-channel inhibitor, such that the ion channels present in the Loop of Henle are only able to pump at half their normal rate? b. What would this person notice about changes to their physiological filtration? (Answer a and b)arrow_forwardWrite the summary of the renin-angiotensin system and the stimulation of aldosterone secretion by angiotensin II?arrow_forward
- Explain the effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosteronesystem on water-salt balance.arrow_forwardAll of the following are true about glucose recovery from the tubule fluid, except (choose the incorrect statement): A. All filtered glucose is released in the PCT unless plasma glucose abnormally high B. It is reabsorbed by coupling with Na+ recovery via a sodium glucose cotransporter C. Glucose recovery is made possible by low intracellular Na+ concentrations created by the NaK pump D. The CD recovers any glucose that is not reabsorbed by the PCT nephron loop and DCT this is not and will not be gradedarrow_forwardHow would a reduction in Angiotensin II in the body affect the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland and blood pressurearrow_forward
- What effect would an ACE inhibitor have on renin secretion and angiotensin II production?arrow_forwardLicorice is used as a remedy in Chinese traditional medicine and also is a flavoring for candy. When licorice is eaten, one of its components triggers the formation of a compound that mimics aldosterone and binds to receptors for it. Based on this information, explain why people who have high blood pressure are advised to avoid eating much licorice.arrow_forwardWhy is excretion important in order to achieve osmotic balance?arrow_forward
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