Concept explainers
The transfer RNA (tRNA) is one of the important components in translation. Prokaryotes contain nearly 60 different tRNAs and humans have 100-110 tRNAs. The tRNA is composed of 73 to 93 nucleotides, a short single-stranded molecule. The tRNA structure contains acceptor stem, D loop, anticodon loop, TᴪC loop, and variable loop. The acceptor stem is composed of seven base pairs and four single-stranded nucleotides. The acceptor stem provides a site for the attachment of amino acids to tRNA. It plays a crucial role in recognition of the specific tRNA by its unique aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. This enzyme contributes the binding of the cognate or correct amino acid to the tRNA based on the corresponding anticodon.
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Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
- What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase? The ability of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to recognize tRNAs has sometimes been called the “second genetic code.” Why has the function of this type of enzyme been described this way?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of initiator tRNA?arrow_forwardHow do synthetases choose their tRNA partners?arrow_forward
- How does it improve the efficiency of protein synthesis to have several binding sites for tRNA close to each other on the ribosome?arrow_forwardWhat is post-translational modification? Describe two specific post-translational modifications and one effect of each modification?arrow_forwardWhat are aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?arrow_forward
- Prokaryotic mRNAs have a RBS (Ribosomal binding site). How they use RBS for translational machinery? What are the properties of RBS? Draw a simple scheme for RBS and mRNA interaction site.arrow_forwardOne of the codons in mRNA that specifies the amino acid phenylalanine is UUC. What is the anticodon on the tRNA that carries phenylalanine?arrow_forwardIf the mRNA transcribed for this gene will be translated into a functional protein, how many amino acids will be used to build the polypeptide chain? what is the amino acid coded by the 25th codon? what is the amino acid coded by the last codon?arrow_forward
- How are cis-encoded RNAs, micro RNAs, and small interfering RNAs alike? How do they differ? What other non-coding RNAs can affect protein synthesis in eukaryotes?arrow_forwardwhy is GTP hydrolysed in translation termination in bacteria? What are the by-products of termination?arrow_forwardSo the spliceosome is a structure that allows RNA splicing to occur, expelling the introns. Does this produce the coding sequences that ultimately generate the mature RNA? Does any malfunction within the spliceosome give rise to alternative splicing?arrow_forward
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