Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4.6, Problem 2MQ
Summary Introduction
In transcription, the RNA is synthesized from the segment of the DNA molecule. RNA polymerase enzyme catalysts the process of transcription. During transcription, the RNA polymerase and other components bind to the promoter region to initiate gene transcription.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 4.1 - What is a genome and what is it composed of? What...Ch. 4.1 - Define the terms complementary and antiparallel as...Ch. 4.1 - Why is supercoiling essential to a bacterial cell?...Ch. 4.1 - Describe the central dogma of molecular biology....Ch. 4.2 - Approximately how large is the Escherichia coli...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.3 - To which end (5 or 3) of a newly synthesized...
Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.3 - What are the functions of DNA Pol I and III and...Ch. 4.3 - What is meant by the term semiconservative...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.5 - What enzyme catalyzes transcription? What is a...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4MQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.6 - What three major components make up an archaeal...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.6 - How does the archaeal RNA polymerase differ from...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.7 - Differentiate between the different classes of...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.7 - Describe the two types of secondary structure a...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.8 - What is the function of the acceptor stem of a...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.9 - Why is the genetic code a degenerate code? What is...Ch. 4.10 - What are the components of a ribosome? What...Ch. 4.10 - How is a completed polypeptide chain released from...Ch. 4.10 - How does tmRNA free stalled ribosomes?Ch. 4.10 - Where on the ribosome do tRNAs bind, and what is...Ch. 4.11 - What are molecular chaperones and why are they...Ch. 4.11 - What macromolecules are protected by heat shock...Ch. 4.11 - How do chaperones assist the Escherichia coli cell...Ch. 4.11 - What proteins are involved in refolding misfolded...Ch. 4.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.12 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.13 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4 - The genome of the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae...Ch. 4 - Compare and contrast the activity of DNA and RNA...Ch. 4 - What would be the result (in terms of protein...
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- The Archaea is similar to the Eukarya in the following characteristic except? initiator 1RNA (protein synthesis) O 16S FRNA nucleotide sequence sensitivity to antibiotics types of RNA polymerase The Archaea differ from the Eubacteria in the following characteristic except: * O initiator tRNA (protein synthesis) origin of DNA replication sensitivity to antibiotics types of RNA polymerasearrow_forwardAccording to Philip Bell’s viral eukaryogenesis hypothesis, genes for DNA replication, RNA transcription, protein translation, and histone proteins were all provided by: an endosymbiotic gram-negative eubacterium an endosymbiotic archaeobacterium a gram-positive eubacterial host cell a double-stranded DNA virus an archaeobacterial host cellarrow_forwardWhat types of environments are inhabited by archaea? Why are methanogens important?arrow_forward
- Why did Carl Woese propose the domain Archaea? The domain Bacteria already had too many organisms in its classification. The methanogens were discovered to be a complex organism, between prokaryotic bacteria and eukaryotes, thus it needed its own domain. He discovered that methanogens were too large to be classified as bacteria, but too small to be classified as Eukarya. In analyzing the rRNA of methanogens, he discovered that it was completely distinct from any other bacterial RRNA that had been studied. The DNA of methanogens was discovered to use different nucleotides than those of organisms in Eukarya or Bacteria.arrow_forwardHow do prokaryotes reproduce? What mechanisms result in gene transfer?arrow_forwardWhy are prokaryotes so abundant and have such high diversity?arrow_forward
- Is the genome shown here from a prokaryote or a eukaryote? Prokaryote There is not enough information to decide Eukaryote Archaeaarrow_forward24. The earliest RNA probably functioned in A) catalysis. B) self-replication. C) neither catalysis nor self-replication D) both catalysis and self-replication. 25. LUCA refers to A) the ancestral cell before the divergence into Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes B) the ancestral cell before the divergence into Archaea and Prokaryotes C) the ancestral cell before the divergence into Archaea and Bacteria D) the ancestral cell before the divergence into Eukaryotes and Bacteria 26. Endosymbiosis between bacterial and archaea A) Allowed the evolution of eukaryotic cells with organelles B) Allowed for the accumulation of ozone in the early atmosphere C) Occurred after multicellularity evolved D) Occurred after 3.8 but before 2.5 bya 27. In the sub-surface hypothesis the origination of cellular life on earth occurred in stages. Which of the following represents conditions likely in the first (oldest) stage: A) Energetic reactions coupled to molecular replication in mineral compartments B) Nutrients…arrow_forwardIn comparing bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, which statement below among A - D is false? A) O the members of two of these three groups comprise cells that lack a nuclear membrane B) O archaea and eukaryotes share some similarities in the componeents of gene expression C) O having diverse types of metabolism is a feature of the members of archaea and bacteria D) Oa cytoplasmic membrane is a feature shared by all the cells in these three groups E) OA-E are all truearrow_forward
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