Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 45.2, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? 2192 Propose an explanation for why defects in a particular hormone caicade pathway observed in pationts typically affect the final gland in the pathway rather than the hypothalamus or pituitary.
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Propose an explanation for why defects in a particular hormone cascade pathway observed in patients typically affect the final gland in the pathway rather than the hypothalamus or pituitary.
WHAT IF? Lab tests of two patients, each diagnosedwith excessive thyroid hormone production, revealedelevated levels of TSH in one but not the other. Was thediagnosis of one patient necessarily incorrect? Explain.
Signaling molecules interact with cells through specific macromolec-
ular receptors. For each of the four receptors identified below, list all
characteristics, by number, which accurately describe that receptor.
(a) an adrenergic receptor
(b) a steroid receptor .
(c) the LDL. receptor_
(d) the insulin receptor
1. Located at the cell surface
2. Associated with the protein clathrin
3. Ligand binding stimulates the activity of phospholipase C
4. A transmembrane protein
5. A DNA-binding protein
6. Located in the cell interior
7. Receptor-ligand complex moves to the lysosome
8. Receptor-ligand complex becomes concentrated in the nucleus
9. Receptor activation can inhibit the synthesis of glycogen
10. The hormone-receptor complex activates specific gene tran-
scription
11. Internalization decreases the synthesis of cholesterol esters
Chapter 45 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 45.1 - How do response mechanisms in target cells differ...Ch. 45.1 - What type of gland would you expect to secrete...Ch. 45.1 - WHAT IF? Predict what would happen if you...Ch. 45.2 - What are the roles of oxytocin and prolactin in...Ch. 45.2 - How do the two fused glands of the pituitary gland...Ch. 45.2 - WHAT IF? 2192 Propose an explanation for why...Ch. 45.2 - what if? Lab tests of two patients, each...Ch. 45.3 - If a hormone pathway produces a transient response...Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 45.3 - Prob. 3CC
Ch. 45 - MAKE CONNECTIONS What forms of signaling activate...Ch. 45 - Which major endocrine organs described in Figure...Ch. 45 - Prob. 45.3CRCh. 45 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 45 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 45 - Growth factors are local regulators that (A) are...Ch. 45 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 45 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 45 - Which of the following is the most likely...Ch. 45 - The relationship between the insect hormones...Ch. 45 - DRAW IT In mammals, milk production by mammary...Ch. 45 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 45 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 45 - Level 3: Synthesis/Evaluation 11. WRITE ABOUT A...Ch. 45 - Prob. 12TYU
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- Suppose that the circulating concentration of hor-mone is 10–10 M and the Kd for binding to its receptor is 10–8M. What fraction of the receptors will have hormone bound?If a meaningful physiological response occurs when 50% ofthe receptors have bound a hormone molecule, how muchwill the concentration of hormone have to rise to elicit aresponse? The fraction of receptors (R) bound to hormone(H) to form a receptor–hormone complex (R–H) is [R–H]/([R] + [R–H]) = [R–H]/[R]TOT = [H]/([H] + Kd).arrow_forwardn general, what is the target cell’s response to the steroid hormone? Is the cell’s response quick or slow? Explain.arrow_forwardYellow: Did not have answers from anyone but confident based on notes Question 1: Insulin can have pleiotropic (wide ranging) effects in cells because...? 1. The insulin receptor phosphorylates with a family of substrates inside the cell 2. There are over 20 versions of the insulin receptor expressed in vertebrates 3. The insulin receptor heterodimers with the GH and PRL receptors 4. MRAP (membrane associated receptor proteins) couple the insulin receptor to different effector pathways Question 2: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is accurately described by which of the following statements? 1. It is not a member of the peptide hormone superfamily 2. It binds to a 1-TMS receptor that signals through guanylate cyclase 3. It is sulphated on tyrosine residues for full activity 4. It is proteolytically released from POMC by gut cells Question 3: Insulin... 1. Is released from the pancreas in vertebrates and invertebrates 2. Is released from the vertebrate pancreas in response to hyperglycemia 3. Is…arrow_forward
- Practice question 1B) Mutations in the signalling pathways depicted above have been associated with an increased incidence of several types of cancer. Individuals with the se cancers may be treated with one of the following chemotherapeutic drugs. Complete the table below about their me chanisms of action. In which cellular Which process is targeted first compartment/structure/organelle by this drug? Drug Drug's mechanism of action does this proce ss occur? (replica tion, mitosis, transcription, translation, or If more than 1 location, be sure to specify ALL relevant locations. none of the above)? A Inhibits microtubule assembly Create inter- or intra-strand crosslinking in DNA preventing strand separation Inhibits synthesis of non-essential amino acids Drug CH3 HN HN PPPO O N. PPPO O OH OH 5-deoxythymydine triphosphate (DTTP) 5-deoxyuridine triphosphate (DUTP)arrow_forwardPractice question 1F) In the above signalling diagram, hormone H binds to both an intracellular and a cell surface receptor. Initially you assume that homone H must therefore be a small hydrophobic molecule. However, further analysis revealed that it is a large hydrophilic molecule. Knowing this, what would you need to add to this diagram to accurately reflect how these signalling events are possible and why? The csRu MRNA and protein are represented in the diagram below. MRNA 5' AUG 3' ribosome protein DNA ligand binding domain signal kinase transmembrane domain domain binding sequence domain cytoplasm plasma membrane extracellular fluidarrow_forwardThe synthetic pathways for many steroid hormones are shown in Fig. 23-1 in Silverthorn. This Is shown in a simplified format below with several intermedlate steps omitted. Cholesterol Progesterone Andro- Testosterone Dihydro- stenedione testosterone 21-hydroxylase Estradiol Aldosterone and cortisol Aldosterone is an important steroid hormone that regulates water and salt balance. People with congenital adrenal hyperplasia suffer from "salt wasting" if not treated with hormone replacement therapy. Explain why a mutation in the 21-hydroxylase gene results in a deficiency in aldosterone and cortisol production. Use the name of the substrate, the enzyme and the product in your answer!arrow_forward
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