Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 45.2, Problem 1CS
Summary Introduction
To explain: The role of voltage-gated
Introduction: A synapse is defined as a junction where an axon terminal meets another neuron, muscle cell or gland cell. Neurons communicate with other cells at a synapse. An electrical or chemical signal passes from an axon terminal of the neuron to the plasma membrane of the nearby cell at a synapse. The signals are transferred from the presynaptic cell to the postsynaptic cell. In a chemical synapse, a neurotransmitter is released from an axon terminal. It acts as a signal from the presynaptic cell to the postsynaptic cell.
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Action Potential of Neurons Worksheet
1. Explain how an action potential and graded potential are different. Where do they occur on a
neuron? How long does each last? What kind of gates is each process using?
2. Describe the following in your own words
a.
resting potential
C.
hyperpolarization
e.
threshold
9.
3.
What triggers an action potential? What happens to the membrane to trigger an action potential?
4. What is a positive feedback loop? How does a neuron create a positive feedback loop (self-
propagation)
5.
What is the role of the voltage-gated sodium channels for producing an action potential?
6. What is the role of the voltage-gated potassium channels?
7.
What would happen if the voltage gated sodium channels
a. Never opened?
b. Stayed open longer than normal?
8.
What is the absolute refractory period? What is the relative refractory period?
Consider the following three diagrams of a nerve cell membrane. They show resting potential,
depolarization, and hyperpolarization.…
Question:-
On a neuron, where is it unlikely for voltage activated potassium channels, sodium channels or calcium channels to be found ? Or is it found everywhere?
Please answer fast
can we modulate motor function to treat human disease?
Chapter 45 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 45.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 45.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 45.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 45.3 - What is the normal function of the PPAR- protein...Ch. 45.3 - CoreSKILL What was the hypothesis proposed by...Ch. 45.3 - CoreSKILL Assume that the mean weight of both...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1TYCh. 45 - Prob. 2TYCh. 45 - Prob. 3TY
Ch. 45 - Prob. 4TYCh. 45 - The function of ATP during muscle contraction is...Ch. 45 - The function of Ca2+ in skeletal muscle...Ch. 45 - Stimulation of a muscle fiber by a motor neuron...Ch. 45 - Muscle fibers that have a large number of...Ch. 45 - Which of the following statements about movement...Ch. 45 - Prob. 10TYCh. 45 - Compare the structural and functional features of...Ch. 45 - Describe as many types of animal locomotion as you...Ch. 45 - Prob. 3CQCh. 45 - List and briefly describe the steps in the...Ch. 45 - Discuss the three types of muscle tissues found in...
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- Subject: Neurophysiology The neuron for this experiment is in a bath with [K+] = 2 mM and [Na+] = 150 mM. Calculate the Nernst Equilibrium potential for each ion. What is your estimate for the gNa and for gK? If you are more comfortable, use PNa and PK. Remember, these values should be between 0 and 1. What is the resting membrane potential for this cell? Draw an action potential for this neuron in this solution. Keep in mind that this neuron is in unusual solutions. Label each axis and indicate inward and outward currents. Be absolutely certain to label the peak voltage and threshold for the AP!arrow_forwardNe ansmitter I. Sequencing Arrange the events that occur during synaptic transmission. Use letters A-F to denote the correct sequence. Use the diagram on the right as a clue. SENDING NEURON Example: vessces Synepte B1. lon channel opens SYNGPSE 1. lon channel opens 2. Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic SYNAPTac CLEFT cleft RECEMNG NEURCN4 3. Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane Jon chen nels Neurotren s mitter F eptor Neurotrensmitter broken down znd setacsed 4. Neurotransmitter binds to receptor Bons 5. Action potential arrives burnu 6. lon channel closesarrow_forwardActivation of which pathway leads to a disinhibition of the thalamus and increased cortical activation? Basal nuclei D Cortex I GABA - Glutamate - Dopamine Striatum C B GPe A GPi/SNr SNC STN GPI/SNr Thalamus O Both B and C O B O A E LK C Fn Altarrow_forward
- Short FRQ The figure below illustrates a generic model of neurotransmitter secretion and reception across a synapse. receptor axon- vesicle presynaptic neuron B synaptic space Respond in complete sentences. postsynaptic neuron A model of chemical signaling across a synapse. (b) Explain the direction of the nerve impulse. nerve impulse (a) Describe the structure of the neuron synapse using proper vocabulary. transporter -neuro transmitter -dendritearrow_forwardAction potential enters from adjacent cell. Ca2+ 2 K* 3 Na+ Ca2+ ECF ATP NCX ICF 3 Na+ RyR Ca2+ Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) SR L-type Ca2+ Ca2+ channel Ca2+ stores ATP T-tubule Ca2+ sparks Ca2+ signal Ca2+ Ca2+ Actin eereee 33335 Myosin Contraction Relaxation Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 1. Explain what is going on in steps 1-6. 2. Explain what transport proteins are involved is getting Ca2+ out of the cytosol. 3) Purple foxglove is a plant containing chemicals that slow the activity of the Ca2+-Na+ antiport. What will ingestion of purple foxglove increase or decrease levels of Na+ in the ICF?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between an action potential and a synapse? (select all that apply) The action potential moves down the axon and a synapse is between neurons. The synapse travels long distances and the action potential can only travel short distances. The action potential starts at the dendrites and the synapse starts at the ахon. The action potential is always the same and the synaptic potentials vary. the action potential involves only the postsynaptic neuron, but the synapse involves both the pre- and post-synaptic neurons.arrow_forward
- Given the steps shown below, which of the following is the correct sequence for transmission at a chemical synapse? 1. neurotransmitter binds with receptor 2. sodium ions rush into neuron's cytoplasm 3. action potential depolarizes the presynaptic membrane 4. ion channel opens to allow particular ion to enter cell 5. synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft O 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 O 5, 1, 2, 4, 3 O 2, 3, 5, 4, 1 O4, 3, 1, 2, 5 O 3, 2, 5, 1, 4arrow_forwardThe correlation between neurons can explain the basis of the synaptic modification, that is, how much they can connect to each other or if they are not synchronized, how much they can lose or weaken their connections. • Draw a picture of an excitatory synapse such as glutamatergic with its receptors between the pre- and postsynaptic neuron. • Briefly explain what mechanisms involve neuronal plasticity and why synapses are enhanced or weakened.arrow_forwardSubject: Neurophysiology Imagine a toxin that blocks voltage gated K channels. What do you expect to see at the neuromuscular junction when you stimulate the pre synaptic neuron? Would you release neurotransmitter? Would the skeletal muscle contract?arrow_forward
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