Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 44.5, Problem 3C
Summary Introduction

To determine: The cardiac output, if the heart beat per minute is 100 and the stroke volume is 100 mL per stroke.

Introduction: Circulatory system consists of various elements which are required for the transportation of fluid along the whole body. The heart is the “muscular organ” which is located in the chest cavity. It pumps the blood and fulfills the requirement of various body systems. The human heart is differentiated into four chambers: two auricles and two ventricles. Left auricle and ventricles are separated from the right auricle and ventricle by the differentiating wall in between them known as “septum.” It also helps in the removal of metabolic wastes from the body by the process of filtration guided by the excretory system of the body.

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Imagine that you are feeling very anxious as you walk to the podium to deliver a speech. If your heart rate increases to 100 beats per minute and your stroke volume is 100 mL per stroke, what is your cardiac output?
Sue goes to the gym and after an initial warm-up, she increases her exercise level pushing herself to maximum.  At this point her heart rate is 175 beats/min and her stroke volume is 135 ml/beat.  What is her cardiac output now?     At this point, by how many ml/min has her CO increased over her resting CO?        What % increase over resting is this?  (Use the following equation).                                          amount of increase in CO in ml/min % increase =  _____________ X  100%                       original CO (resting) ml/min         What term is used to describe this increase in CO?
You found this figure in an old physiology textbook, and you are trying to understand it. Please interpret and explain all the graphs and charts -AND-explain how it all fits together. Use the back of this page if you need extra room. Volume (ml) Pressure (mmHg) 120 100 60 40 80 40 120 20 80 O EKG P Q Heart sounds O R S Wh ① 0.2 → Systole + 2 Time (seconds) 0.4 T Artery Left ventricle 4 0.6 Pressure changes 0.8 Diastole P 5 Volume changes 00 250 300, In particular, consider how the EKG matches up with ventricular contraction. Be sure to explain this.
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