Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 44, Problem 10TYU
Summary Introduction
To compare: How the membrane structure in the loop of Henley and collecting duct of the mammalian kidney facilitates recovery of water from filtrate during osmoregulation.
Introduction: Osmoregulation is a biological process in which an organism regulates its osmotic pressure that eventually controls the water balance of the body. It is a part of homeostasis. The mammals maintain its osmotic balance by a specialized structure known as kidney.
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In a short essay (100–150 words), compare how membrane structures in the loop of Henle and collecting duct of the mammalian kidney enable water to be recovered from filtrate in the process of osmoregulation.
The mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids.
Describe in detail how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.
Draw a schematic diagram showing the flow of water and salts in the proximal tubule of the kidney. In this diagram, put the lumen on the left side of the diagram and the extracellular fluids on the right side of the diagram. Indicate where the lumen is, where the extracellular fluid is, where the apical portion of the cell is, and show the location of the proteins that are responsible for the movement of water and salts and glucose reabsorption in this area of the kidney
Chapter 44 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 44.1 - The movement of salt from the surrounding water to...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.1 - WHAT IF? Researchers found that a camel in the...Ch. 44.2 - What advantage does uric acid offer as a...Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.3 - Where and how does filtrate originate in the...Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.4 - What do the number and length of nephrons in a...Ch. 44.4 - Many medications make the epithelium of the...
Ch. 44.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.5 - How does alcohol affect regulation of water...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44 - Prob. 44.1CRCh. 44 - DRAW IT Construct a table summarizing the three...Ch. 44 - Prob. 44.3CRCh. 44 - Prob. 44.4CRCh. 44 - Why can only some patients with diabetes insipidus...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 44 - In which of the following species should natural...Ch. 44 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 44 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY You are exploring kidney...Ch. 44 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 44 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The marine iguana...
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- The mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids. Explain how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.arrow_forwardDescribe what happens during the following stages in urine forma-tion in the mammalian nephron: filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion.arrow_forwardDescribe the underlying osmoregulation issues that aquatic and terrestrial animals confront, as well as their solutions for overcoming them. Emphasize how their osmoregulatory organs have modified.arrow_forward
- Please define/describe the following 3 renal functions in mammals: filtration, reabsorption and secretion. Describe at least one location in the nephron where each of these functions takes place. How does each of these functions contribute to homeostasis of the organism?arrow_forwardExplain how the cycling of sodium chloride between the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle in the mammalian kidney, and special permeability of these tubules, produces high osmotic concentrations in interstitial fluids in the kidney medulla. Explain the role of urea in producing high osmotic concentrations in the intersti-tial fluid of the medulla.arrow_forwardExplain how insects are capable of secreting concentrated urine without depending on high blood pressure filtration.arrow_forward
- Comparative analysis of excretion/osmoregulation in selected animals Animal Main Excretory/ Osmo- regulatory organ Major feature of main excretory/ osmoregulatory organ Other Excretory/ Osmoregulator y Structures found if any Accessory Structures in excretion/ osmoregulatio n Bivalve/mussels Cockroach Fish (freshwater / marine) Toad (Rhinella marina) Mammal after, analyze the results of the tablearrow_forwardThe renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and secreted via transport proteins in the renal tubules, but it is NOT reabsorbed. The lines on the following graph represent filtration, secretion and excretion rates of this drug at various plasma concentrations. For the three lines shown (labeled A-C) identify which line represents filtration, which line represents secretion, and which line represents excretion Explain how you determined this.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast ion and water balance in animals that use protonephridia, metanephridia, and kidneys. Which of the 6 functions of a vertebrate kidney are accomplished by each, and how do they achieve these functions?arrow_forward
- is the human kidney a model for all mammalian kidneys?arrow_forwardComparative analysis of excretion/osmoregulation in selected animals Animal Main Excretory/ Osmo- regulatory organ Major feature of main excretory/ osmoregulatory organ Other Excretory/ Osmoregulator y Structures found if any Accessory Structures in excretion/ osmoregulatio n Bivalve/mussels Cockroach Fish (freshwater / marine) Toad (Rhinella marina) Mammalarrow_forwardThe diagram below of part of a nephron shows some of the pressure gradients that are involved in the movement of fluids from blood to the glomerular filtrate within the Bowman's capsule. The numbers represent hydrostatic pressure in kPA. Afferent arteriole (9.32) Glomerulus Efferent arteriole (2.34) -Bowman's caps Colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma in the glomerular capillaries (4.26) Net fitration Distal convoluted Proximal convoluted tubule tubule (1.33)arrow_forward
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