Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 44, Problem 9TYU
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY You are exploring kidney function in kangaroo rats. You measure urine volume and osmolarity, as well as the amount of chloride (Cl ) and urea in the urine. If the water source provided to the animals were switched from tap water to a 2% NaCl solution, indicate what change in urine osmolarity you would expect. How would you determine if this change was more likely due to a change in the excretion of Cl or urea?
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Make a diagram of Nephron Function
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SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY You are exploring kidney function inkangaroo rats. You measure urine volume and osmolarity, as wellas the amount of chloride (Cl-) and urea in the urine. If the watersource provided to the animals were switched from tap water toa 2% NaCl solution, indicate what change in urine osmolarityyou would expect. How would you determine if this change wasmore likely due to a change in the excretion of Cl-or urea?
Compare and contrast ion and water balance in animals that use protonephridia, metanephridia, and kidneys. Which of the 6 functions of a vertebrate kidney are accomplished by each, and how do they achieve these functions?
Chapter 44 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 44.1 - The movement of salt from the surrounding water to...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.1 - WHAT IF? Researchers found that a camel in the...Ch. 44.2 - What advantage does uric acid offer as a...Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.3 - Where and how does filtrate originate in the...Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.4 - What do the number and length of nephrons in a...Ch. 44.4 - Many medications make the epithelium of the...
Ch. 44.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.5 - How does alcohol affect regulation of water...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44 - Prob. 44.1CRCh. 44 - DRAW IT Construct a table summarizing the three...Ch. 44 - Prob. 44.3CRCh. 44 - Prob. 44.4CRCh. 44 - Why can only some patients with diabetes insipidus...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 44 - In which of the following species should natural...Ch. 44 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 44 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY You are exploring kidney...Ch. 44 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 44 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The marine iguana...
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- The mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids. Explain how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.arrow_forwardThe mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids. Describe in detail how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the changes between dilute (osmolarity 50mOsm/Kg) andconcentrated urine (osmolarity 1200mOsm/Kg)? a. Concentrated urine has more water than NaCl moleculesb. Concentrated urine has less water than NaCl moleculesc. Dilute urine has more NaCl than water moleculesd. Dilute urine has less water than NaCl moleculesarrow_forward
- Drinking seawater cannot prevent death by dehydration. What would result if humans attempted to alleviate their dehydration by drinking seawater? justify your answer by describing kidney physiology. why wouldn't reflexes, in response to dehydration, fully compensate and what does this illustrate about the force allowing kidneys to retain water under nromal conditions?arrow_forwardIf plasma osmolarity increases to 380 mOsM, what would likely happen to the plasma concentrations of ADH and the reabsorption of water from the kidneys? a. Plasma ADH concentrations decrease; reabsorption of water decreases b. Plasma ADH concentrations increase; reabsorption of water decreases c. Plasma ADH concentrations increase; reabsorption of water does not change d. Plasma ADH concentrations increase; reabsorption of water increases e. Plasma ADH concentrations decrease; reabsorption of water increasesarrow_forwardDraw a schematic diagram showing the flow of water and salts in the proximal tubule of the kidney. In this diagram, put the lumen on the left side of the diagram and the extracellular fluids on the right side of the diagram. Indicate where the lumen is, where the extracellular fluid is, where the apical portion of the cell is, and show the location of the proteins that are responsible for the movement of water and salts and glucose reabsorption in this area of the kidneyarrow_forward
- The kidneys of different species of amniotes differ widely in their ability to concentrate the urine. What determines the maximum osmolarity of the urine an animal's kidney can produce? Explain why. (not to long)arrow_forward1.What is the role of the renal system in regulating potassium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid [ECF]? a. Kidneys filter and excrete excess potassium ions into the urine. b. Kidneys respond to aldosterone by not excreting any potassium ions into the urine. c. Kidneys reabsorb all potassium ions into the urine. d. Kidneys excrete water molecules through aquaporins in the collecting duct. 2.Identify the cardiac dysrhythmia most associated with hypomagnesemia.arrow_forwardWhich molecules are responsible for the high osmolarity of the renal medulla in the mammalian kidney? "Na+, Cl-, and K+" "urea, uric acid, and Na+" "Na+, Cl-, and urea" "uric acid, urea, and amonia"arrow_forward
- A scientist interested in studying aquaporins plans to examine the different parts of mammalian nephrons in which large numbers of aquaporins can be found. This researcher would NOT choose to examine the…arrow_forwardThe diagram below of part of a nephron shows some of the pressure gradients that are involved in the movement of fluids from blood to the glomerular filtrate within the Bowman's capsule. The numbers represent hydrostatic pressure in kPA. Afferent arteriole (9.32) Glomerulus Efferent arteriole (2.34) -Bowman's caps Colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma in the glomerular capillaries (4.26) Net fitration Distal convoluted Proximal convoluted tubule tubule (1.33)arrow_forwardUnder ALL CONDITIONS of salt and water intake the kidneys must: A. Excrete more water than osmolytes by concentration only B. Excrete more water than osmolytes by amounts only OC. Excrete more water than osmolytes by amounts AND concentration OD. Excrete variable amounts of water that are sometimes less than amounts of osmolytesarrow_forward
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