Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43, Problem 6TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Eye can detect and convert light into
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- Which type of cell transmits signals to the central nervous system?1- efferent neurons2- interneurons3- motor neurons4- afferent neurons
- Sensory transduction involves1- converting a stimulus into a membrane potential2- sending brain instructions to motor neurons3- the central but not the peripheral nervous system4- converting a stimulus into neurotransmitter
- When light hits the rods and cones in our eyes1- it alters the shape of a protein called retinal2- it causes Ca+ channels to open3- it causes K+ channels to open4- it causes them to depolarize
- In mammals, both hearing and equilibrium involve 1- chemoreceptors2- retinal3- mechanoreceptors4- electromagnetic receptors
Receptors for serotonin and many other neurotransmitters (a) are voltage-activated ion channels (b) permit influx of chloride ions, leading to depolarization (c) inhibit EPSPs (d) are ligand-gated channels (e) are passive ion channels
Part 2- The Function of the Nervous System Use the information in
your lecture slides and handouts to answer the following questions
about the function of the nervous system
(A) Label the parts of the neuron indicated below
(B) Indicate using an arrow the direction an electrical impulse would move
during synaptic transmission
Тext
(the inner part)
(the outer part)
neuron (cell body)
(C) In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches
the term or phrase.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 43.1 - How Sensory Systems Work LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1...Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 43.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 43.1 - PREDICT Imagine that you are hiking along a bay...Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 43.1 - Identify five kinds of sensory receptors based on...Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 43.2 - What are the functions of thermoreceptors in...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 43.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 43.4 - Describe the functions of nociceptors and identify...Ch. 43.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 43.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 43.5 - Prob. 6LOCh. 43.5 - Compare the structure and function of the saccule...Ch. 43.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 43.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 43.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 43.5 - List the sequence of events involved in hearing.Ch. 43.6 - Prob. 9LOCh. 43.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 43.7 - Prob. 10LOCh. 43.7 - Prob. 11LOCh. 43.7 - Prob. 12LOCh. 43.7 - Prob. 1CCh. 43.7 - What happens when light strikes rhodopsin?...Ch. 43.7 - What is the sequence of neural signaling in the...Ch. 43.7 - What is meant by the statement Vision happens...Ch. 43 - Test your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. A...Ch. 43 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 43 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Cochlear implants...
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- Test Your Understanding 8. VISUALIZE Label the diagram of the human brain.arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3. Which of the following occurs first when voltage reaches the threshold level in a neuron plasma membrane? (a) voltageactivated Na+ channels open (b) K+ channels open (c) the membrane hyperpolarizes (d) neurotransmitter is released (e) K+ channels closearrow_forwardVisit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurolab) to see a virtual neurophysiology lab, and to observe electrophysiological processes in the nervous system, where scientists directly measure the electrical signals produced by neurons. Often, the action potentials occur so rapidly that watching a screen to see them occur is not helpful. A speaker is powered by the signals recorded from a neuron and it pops each time the neuron fires an action potential. These action potentials are firing so fast that it sounds like static on the radio. Electrophysiologists can recognize the patterns within that static to understand what is happening. Why is the leech model used for measuring the electrical activity of neurons instead of using humans?arrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. Summing incoming neural signals is part of (a) reception (b) transmission (c) integration (d) action by effectors (e) afferent neuron transmissionarrow_forwardMatch each item with its description. ___ gray matter a. start of brain, spinal cord ___ neurotransmitter b. connects the hemispheres ___ pons c. protects brain and spinal ___ corpus callosum cord from some toxins ___ cerebral cortex d. type of signaling molecule ___ neural tube e. brain's myelin makers ___ oligodendrocytes f. brain stem structure ___ blood-brain g. controls language, reasoning barrier h. cell bodies and dendritesarrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/summation) to learn about summation. The process of converting electrical signals to chemical signals and back requires subtle changes that can result in transient increases or decreases in membrane voltage. To cause a lasting change in the target cell, multiple signals are usually added together, or summated. Does spatial summation have to happen all at once, or can the separate signals arrive on the postsynaptic neuron at slightly different times? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- 5- The chemical synapse: a. Answer the fill-in-the-blank questions A. Neurons do not touch each other at a level of a chemical synapse; they are separated by a small gap called B. A nerve impulse cannot cross this type of synapse; information is passed from one neuron to the next one using chemical messengers called C. The chemical messenger binds to a molecule located on the plasma membrane of the neuronarrow_forwardVisit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/nervetissue3) to learn about how nervous tissue is composed of neurons and glial cells. The neurons are dynamic cells with the ability to make a vast number of connections and to respond incredibly quickly to stimuli and to initiate movements based on those stimuli. They are the focus of intense research as failures in physiology can lead to devastating illnesses. Why are neurons only found in animals? Based on what this article says about neuron function, why wouldnt they be helpful for plants or microorganisms?arrow_forwardWhich of the following situations is associated with movement and position in the human body? a. Statoliths in statocysts bend sensory hairs and trigger actionpotentials. b. If sensory hairs in the utricle are oriented horizontally andthose in the saccule are oriented vertically, the person is lyingdown. c. When the head rotates, the endolymph in the semicircularcanal pulls the cupula with it to activate sensory hair cells. d. Displacement of the utricle and saccule generates actionpotentials. e. If the body is spinning at a constant rate and direction, thecupula is displaced and action potentials are initiated.arrow_forward
- Thank youarrow_forwardExplain in few sentences !! how a neuron can repair itself. What increases the likelihood of repair; what decreases the likelihood of repair? If repair is not possible, what other options are possible to innervate the effector organ?arrow_forwardTest your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. A sensory receptor absorbs energy from some stimulus. The next step is (a) release of neurotransmitter (b) transmission of an action potential (c) energy transduction (d) transmission of a receptor potential (e) sensory adaptationarrow_forward
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