Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43, Problem 4TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The ear is a sensory organ which is the organ of hearing and balance in mammals. In mammals, the ear is divided into three parts, namely the outer ear, middle ear, and the inner ear. The outer ear is the only visible part of the ear in most animals. The outer ear includes the ear canal and the pinna. The middle ear consists of the tympanic cavity and the three ossicles, whereas the inner ear consists of the bony labyrinth and the semicircular canals.
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The transduction of sound waves into action potentials occurs(A) in the tectorial membrane as it is stimulated by hair cells.(B) when hair cells are bent against the tectorial membrane,causing them to depolarize and release neurotransmitterthat stimulates sensory neurons.(C) as the basilar membrane vibrates at different frequenciesin response to the varying volume of sounds.(D) within the middle ear as the vibrations are amplified by themalleus, incus, and stapes
In the process of hearing, the basilar membrane vibrates. Which event occurs next? (a) tympanic membrane vibrates (b) bones in middle ear amplify and conduct vibrations (c) cochlear nerve transmits impulses to organ of Corti(d) hair cells in organ of Corti are stimulated (e) vibrations are conducted to chemoreceptors
The spiral organ is located within the of the internal ear. (a) utricle (b) bony labyrinth (c) vestibule (d) cochlea
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 43.1 - How Sensory Systems Work LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1...Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 43.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 43.1 - PREDICT Imagine that you are hiking along a bay...Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 43.1 - Identify five kinds of sensory receptors based on...Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 43.2 - What are the functions of thermoreceptors in...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 43.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 43.4 - Describe the functions of nociceptors and identify...Ch. 43.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 43.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 43.5 - Prob. 6LOCh. 43.5 - Compare the structure and function of the saccule...Ch. 43.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 43.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 43.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 43.5 - List the sequence of events involved in hearing.Ch. 43.6 - Prob. 9LOCh. 43.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 43.7 - Prob. 10LOCh. 43.7 - Prob. 11LOCh. 43.7 - Prob. 12LOCh. 43.7 - Prob. 1CCh. 43.7 - What happens when light strikes rhodopsin?...Ch. 43.7 - What is the sequence of neural signaling in the...Ch. 43.7 - What is meant by the statement Vision happens...Ch. 43 - Test your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. A...Ch. 43 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 43 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Cochlear implants...
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- In the ear, sound waves cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate. What happens next in the middle ear? In the inner ear?arrow_forward(a) choose one part of the auditory conductive mechanism--the outer ear or middle ear--and describe how sound is transduced (changed from acoustic energy to mechanical energy) through that part of the auditory system, and (b) comment on how the anatomy of that part of the ear enables normal auditory conductive physiology.arrow_forwardIf the auditory cortex is damaged, the individual will respond to sounds and have normal acoustic reflexes, but (a) the sounds may produce nerve deafness. (b) the auditory ossicle may be immobilized. (c) sound interpretation and pattern recognition may be impossible. (d) normal transfer of vibration to the oval window is inhibited.arrow_forward
- Conduction of sound from the middle ear to the internal ear occurs via vibration of the (a) malleus against the tympanic membrane, (b) stapes in the oval window, (c) incus in the round window, (d) tympanic membrane against the stapes.arrow_forwardExplain how the human voice is produced. Describe briefly how each of the three main components of the ear is suited to its main functions. Explain briefly (i) the differences between the two main theories of the perception of pitch. [3] (ii) why two different theories are required.arrow_forwardRegarding auditory physiology, what is the mechanism that generates an action potential and release of neurotransmitter substance? a) pressure waves on cells in the vestibular membrane b) movement of the membrane covering the round window c) movement of the hair cells of the coil member towards the tectorial membrane d) movement of cells in the basement membrane towards the cochleaarrow_forward
- Given that frogs are nearsighted in air, which statement is most likely to be true about their vision in water? (a) They are even more nearsighted; because water has a higher index of refraction than air, a frog’s ability to focus light increases in water. (b) They are less nearsighted, because the cornea is less effective at refracting light in water than in air. (c) Their vision is no different, because only structures that are internal to the eye can affect the eye’s ability to focus. (d) The images projected on the retina are no longer inverted, because the eye in water functions as a diverging lens rather than a converging lens.arrow_forward(Human physiology) Hearing B is characterized by conductive hearing loss caused by an ear infection or blockage that interferes with the transmission of sound to the inner ear.Why does this patient hear bone conduction sound with lower intensity than other patients? (Should this disease reduce the sensitivity of sound perception?) Between A, C and D, which patients had neurological hearing damage causing overall reduction in hearing acuity and which patients had damage caused by an air horn? Why? (sorry for my bad english)arrow_forwardSequentially order the events that allow for hearing. 1) Sound waves are transferred to the malleus2) Sound waves are transferred to the incus and stapes.3) Vibrations are transmitted to the cochlea.4) Neural impulses are conduction by the auditory nerve.5) Sound waves strike the mastoid and the movable tympanic membrane.6) Sound is processed and interpreted by the brain. The answer options are: a) 5,1,2,3,4,6b) 1,2,4,3,6,5c) 3,6,5,1,2,4d) 5,2,1,3,4,6arrow_forward
- How does ear convert sound waves into neural impulses, which are sensed and processed by the brain enabling us to recognise a sound ?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning the inner ear is TRUE? Question 3 options: a) The bony labyrinth within the tempoal bone contains spaces for the semicircular canals and the cochlea. b) The fibers of the cochlear nerve are attached to hair cells in the semicircular canals to carry information about movements of the head. c) The frequency of sound waves as defined by their wavelengths are perceived as pitch and are measured in decibels (dB). d) The saccule and utricle are critical sensory receptors for interpreting language, distinct from other sounds.arrow_forward(Bonus) Deafness and hearing loss are a widespread issue. According to WHO, currently more than 1.5 billion people (nearly 20% of the global population) live with hearing loss. From what you learned about our auditory system, briefly explain what would happen to hearing in each of the following scenarios. (a) the tectorial membrane can't hold its position and is pushing onto the auditory hair cells constantly. (b) the auditory hair cells near the base of the cochlea are damaged and dead. (c) the endolymph potassium concentration is lower than normal. (d) the perilymph potassium concentration is lower than normal.arrow_forward
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