Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 41.3, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To know: The beneficial role of bile salts structural configuration in digestion.
Introduction: Bile is defined as a fluid present in the liver which is helpful in digestion and it is mainly stored in the gallbladder. It is made up of bile acids. They help in the breakdown of fats which can be used by the body.
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Chapter 41 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 41.1 - An animal requires 20 amino acids to make...Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 41.1 - WHAT IF? If a zoo animal eating ample food shows...Ch. 41.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 41.2 - In what sense are nutrients from a recently...Ch. 41.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 41.3 - Explain why a proton pump inhibitor, such as the...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 41.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 41.4 - What features of a mammal's digestive system make...Ch. 41.4 - WHAT IF? "Lactose-intolerant" people have a...Ch. 41.5 - Explain how people can become obese even if their...Ch. 41.5 - WHAT IF? Suppose you were studying two groups of...Ch. 41.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 41 - Prob. 41.1CRCh. 41 - Propose an artificial diet that would eliminate...Ch. 41 - Prob. 41.3CRCh. 41 - How does human anatomy indicate that our primate...Ch. 41 - Prob. 41.5CRCh. 41 - Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol....Ch. 41 - The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect...Ch. 41 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 41 - After surgical removal of the gallbladder, a...Ch. 41 - If you were to jog 1 km a few hours after lunch,...Ch. 41 - DRAW IT Create a flowchart to summarize the events...Ch. 41 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Lizards and snakes cannot...Ch. 41 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY In human populations of...Ch. 41 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION Hair is largely...Ch. 41 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Hummingbirds are well...
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- How is cholesterol structurally distinct from bile salts?arrow_forwardHow does hydrochloric acid aid in the digestion of food? Hydrochloric acid breaks down the peptide bonds, glycosidic bonds, and acid anhydride bonds among proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids respectively. Hydrochloric acid does not really participate in the digestion of food; however, the acidic environment due to HCl activates pepsinogen which will be converted into pepsin that breaks down peptide bond between amino acids in a polypeptide. Hydrochloric acid is the gastric juice that stops lipid digestion in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid initiates carbohydrate and protein digestion in the stomach.arrow_forwardChemically, Olestra is made of a six-carbon backbone and six fatty acid attachments. No nutrients are absorbed or processed by Olestra. In order to understand why olestra is not absorbed, you must first explain why. (b) How can olestra intake affect fat-soluble vitamin absorption?arrow_forward
- Why must cholesterol be transported through the bloodstream in lipoprotein particles?arrow_forwardWhich products of fat hydrolysis would cause a change in pH of the whole milk sample? Why does a person with a low production of stomach HCl have difficulty with protein digestion? Write the equation for the action of Pancreatin (lipase) on a molecule of Tristearin.arrow_forwardThe formation in the gallbladder or bile ducts of gallstones (crystals usually composed of cholesterol and inorganic salts) afflicts millions of people. Predisposing factors for this excruciatingly painful disorder include obesity and infection of the gallbladder (cholecystitis). Because cholesterol is virtually insoluble in water, it is solubilized in bile by its incorporation into micelles composed of bile salts and phospholipids. Gallstones tend to form when cholesterol is secreted into bile in excessive quantities. Suggest a reason why an obese person is prone to gallstone formation. [Hint: HMG-CoA reductase activity is higher in obese individuals.]arrow_forward
- Why are micelles important in lipid digestion of products to be transported to the small intestinal surface for absorption?arrow_forwardIn addition to being produced in the pancreas, lipase is also produced in the stomach. Would you expect the structure of pancreatic lipase to be the same as gastric (produced in the stomach) lipase? Justify your reasoning.arrow_forwardSome foods naturally have high levels of the free amino acid. For example, parmesan cheese (1689 mg), tomato (246 mg), scallop (159 mg), corn (106 g), and shrimp (43 mg). Wheat protein (gluten) is typically comprised of 30-35% of this amino acid. People with celiac disease cannot metabolize gluten, but have no trouble with foods high in the natural amino acid or MSG. Why is this?arrow_forward
- Why are bile salts and lipase necessary for breakdown of fats?arrow_forwardGastric juice normally has a pH of 2. Given this, what happens to the activity of salivary amylase, a starch-digesting enzyme in saliva, when it arrives in the stomach?arrow_forwardDoes HCl in the stomach hydrolyze both the 1,4- and 1,6-glycosodic bonds?arrow_forward
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