Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 41, Problem 9TYU
EVOLUTION CONNECTION Lizards and snakes cannot breathe while chewing food because the connection between their external nostrils and their esophagus is in the mouth. In contrast, mammals can continue breathing through the nostrils while chewing food in the mouth. However, choking sometimes occurs when the paths of air and food cross each other. Thinking about the high oxygen demand of active endotherms, explain how the concept of descent with modification explains this "imperfect" anatomy of some amniotes (see Figure 34.2 to review vertebrate phylogeny).
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Which statement is false?
Chimpanzees have their vocal cords situated higher in the pharynx
than in humans.
All mammal species can choke (obstruction of windpipe) on food.
The fact that we can choke on our food is an evolutionary
compromise that is largely compensated that we have the capacity
to speak.
Choking is partly a consequence of the fact that there is a space
between the posterior end of the soft palate and the dorsal tip of the
epiglottis.
A..
I.
Co...
1 text
ran...
Birds differ from their closest relatives, the reptiles, in what ways?
(choose all that apply)
birds are capable of powered flight, while some reptiles can glide
only the birds lay eggs on land; the reptiles can only lay their eggs in water
birds have feathers, reptiles have scales
the reptiles have a series of internal air sacs that allow a very efficient extraction of oxygen
the bones of reptiles are too lightweight to permit flight
birds are endothermic, while reptiles are generally ectothermic
Which statement is false?
Chimpanzees have their vocal cords situated higher in the pharynx
than in humans.
All mammal species can choke (obstruction of windpipe) on food.
The fact that we can choke on our food is an evolutionary
compromise that is largely compensated that we have the capacity
to speak.
Choking is partly a consequence of the fact that there is a space
between the posterior end of the soft palate and the dorsal tip of the
epiglottis.
Salmonella, a gram-negative bacterium, produces an endotoxin that causes food poisoning. What is endotoxin?
Secretion of the bacterium that becomes toxic only when it
enters the cells of the digestive tract.
A toxin accumulated in the wall of the bacteria in his life and
that is released into the host when the bacteria dies.
A toxic substance produced by living bacteria and secreted
directly on the host cells (in the intestine).
None of these answers defines an endotoxin.
Chapter 41 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 41.1 - An animal requires 20 amino acids to make...Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 41.1 - WHAT IF? If a zoo animal eating ample food shows...Ch. 41.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 41.2 - In what sense are nutrients from a recently...Ch. 41.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 41.3 - Explain why a proton pump inhibitor, such as the...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 41.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 41.4 - What features of a mammal's digestive system make...Ch. 41.4 - WHAT IF? "Lactose-intolerant" people have a...Ch. 41.5 - Explain how people can become obese even if their...Ch. 41.5 - WHAT IF? Suppose you were studying two groups of...Ch. 41.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 41 - Prob. 41.1CRCh. 41 - Propose an artificial diet that would eliminate...Ch. 41 - Prob. 41.3CRCh. 41 - How does human anatomy indicate that our primate...Ch. 41 - Prob. 41.5CRCh. 41 - Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol....Ch. 41 - The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect...Ch. 41 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 41 - After surgical removal of the gallbladder, a...Ch. 41 - If you were to jog 1 km a few hours after lunch,...Ch. 41 - DRAW IT Create a flowchart to summarize the events...Ch. 41 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Lizards and snakes cannot...Ch. 41 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY In human populations of...Ch. 41 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION Hair is largely...Ch. 41 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Hummingbirds are well...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Explain how ventilation in bird lungs differs from that in mammalian lungs, including the advantage of the avian system over the mammalian one. please help with eamplesarrow_forwardHow is the internal anatomy of the Perch (bony fish) similar to and different from the shark? How does the anatomy of the digestive system influence the food preference of the perch, compared to that of the shark? What is the comparison of both the shark and the perch in their buoyancy mechanisms and their oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange? Please answer this fully because last time someone didn't answer this correctly and wasted one of my question credits.arrow_forwardBased on the anatomy of dogfish shark The serosa lining the pleuropertioneal cavity is the visceral peritoneum?True/False The mesogaster is part of the ventral mesenteries?True or Falsearrow_forward
- Figure 39.7 Which of the following statements about the mammalian respiratory system is false? When we breathe in, air travels from the pharynx to the trachea. The bronchioles branch into bronchi. Alveolar ducts connect to alveolar sacs. Gas exchange between the lung and blood takes place in the alveolus.arrow_forwardFetal Pig Oral Cavity Please refer to the pic to answer the question Describe the color, texture, and functions of the fetal pig's oral cavity. Compare the features of the pig's oral cavity to that of the frogs. What features of the pigs oral cavity are also found in that of humans? What differences are there? Describe the pigs teeth. Also what prevents food from entering the glottis or nasopharynx and what happens when the food does enter either of those two openings?arrow_forwardSwim bladders in fish and lungs in terrestrial animals have a common evolutionary origin, but have evolved to perform different functions. What is the primary function of swim bladders in fish? They serve as buoyancy control organs. They filter toxins from the water. They allow fish to absorb most of their oxygen. They help in the digestion of food.arrow_forward
- Describe two differences between the liver and the lungs in pigsarrow_forwardGive two differences between the respiration of a clam and a cockroach.arrow_forwardExplain how the circulatory and respiratory systems are related to each other in function and location within a mammal in pigs?arrow_forward
- Nutrition and Digestion Identify the different modes of feeding mechanisms found in the Animal Kingdom, describe each and give 2 example animals for each mode. Why do Cnidarians, Flatworms and Protists have simple or no extensively developed digestive system? (clue: mention their digestive structure and their mode of feeding) What are the structural adaptations of snakes that allowed them to eat and digest a whole prey? Why do insects of one species have a changing diet requirement during their life history? Different birds have varying food habits, discuss the structural and physiological adaptations that allow them to process these foods. What are the four stages of the digestive process, describe each stage/step and indicate what are the products/substances produced and their fate? Discuss the role of the endocrine system in controlling digestion. (no plagiarism pls, thank u!)arrow_forwardWhich of the following animals uses a tracheal system to breathe? -Insects -Crayfish -Brittle stars -Fleshy-lobe finned fish -None of the abovearrow_forwardFISH AMPHIBIANSS REPTILES BIRDS МАММALS Gills when young then lungs as Breathing Gills adults. Adults Lungs Lungs Lungs breathe through their skin. Body Covering Smooth, moist skin Scales Fur over soft skin Scales Feathers Most lay jelly- Live birth & feed Soft, leathery- shelled eggs Reproduction like eggs Lay jelly-like eggs Hard shelled young milk from eggs mammary glands Heart 2-chambers 3-chambers 3-chambers 4-chambers 4-chambers (very (very efficient) efficient) Temperature Ectothermic Ectothermic Ectothermic Endothermic Endothermic Regulation Questions: 1. If you discover a new organism that is ectothermic, contains lungs to breathe and has scales, in which category of vertebrates should you classify the new organism? 2. If you find an organism that has a 4-chambered heart and fur, in which category of vertebrates should you classify the new organism? 3. Which organisms start out with gills but have lungs as adults? 4. Which group of organisms give birth to live young? 5. If you…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Evolution of Populations: Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, and Gene Flow; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRWXEMlI0_U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
The Evolution of Humans | Evolution | Biology | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vf_dDp7drFg;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY