Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 4, Problem 53Q
To determine
The period of spacecraft Eagle if it orbits 111 km above the surface of the moon.
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If the satellite was placed in an orbit three times farther away, about how long would it take to orbit the Earth once? Answer in days, rounding to one significant figure.days
Mars rotates on its axis once every 1.02 days (almost the same as Earth does).
(a) Find the distance from Mars at which a satellite would remain in one spot over the Martian surface. (Use 6.42 1023 kg for the mass of Mars.)m(b) Find the speed of the satellite.m/s
A newly discovered planet, Eagal, has two known moons, Dorainn and Bron. The table below
gives some of the known information about Dorainn and Bron.
Dorainn
Bron
Mass
1.427 x 1015 kg
1.427 x 1015 kg
Radius
6.142 km
Orbital Period
1.091 x 105 s
Orbital Radius
23,640 km
27,650 km
a. Determine the gravitational field strength at the surface of Dorainn.
b. Using only the information provided for each moon and proportionality, determine
Bron's orbital period. Clearly show or explain all workings.
c. Use the data provided for Dorainn to determine the mass of Eagal.
d. Determine the orbital speed of Bron.
A)At what altitude would a geostationary sattelite need to be above the surface of Mars? Assume the mass of Mars is 6.39 x 1023 kg, the length of a martian solar day is 24 hours 39minutes 35seconds, the length of the sidereal day is 24hours 37minutes 22seconds, and the equatorial radius is 3396 km. The answer can be calculated using Newton's verison of Kepler's third law.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1QCh. 4 - Prob. 2QCh. 4 - Prob. 3QCh. 4 - Prob. 4QCh. 4 - Prob. 5QCh. 4 - Prob. 6QCh. 4 - Prob. 7QCh. 4 - Prob. 8QCh. 4 - Prob. 9QCh. 4 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 4 - Prob. 11QCh. 4 - Prob. 12QCh. 4 - Prob. 13QCh. 4 - Prob. 14QCh. 4 - Prob. 15QCh. 4 - Prob. 16QCh. 4 - Prob. 17QCh. 4 - Prob. 18QCh. 4 - Prob. 19QCh. 4 - Prob. 20QCh. 4 - Prob. 21QCh. 4 - Prob. 22QCh. 4 - Prob. 23QCh. 4 - Prob. 24QCh. 4 - Prob. 25QCh. 4 - Prob. 26QCh. 4 - Prob. 27QCh. 4 - Prob. 28QCh. 4 - Prob. 29QCh. 4 - Prob. 30QCh. 4 - Prob. 31QCh. 4 - Prob. 32QCh. 4 - Prob. 33QCh. 4 - Prob. 34QCh. 4 - Prob. 35QCh. 4 - Prob. 36QCh. 4 - Prob. 37QCh. 4 - Prob. 38QCh. 4 - Prob. 39QCh. 4 - Prob. 40QCh. 4 - Prob. 41QCh. 4 - Prob. 42QCh. 4 - Prob. 43QCh. 4 - Prob. 44QCh. 4 - Prob. 45QCh. 4 - Prob. 46QCh. 4 - Prob. 47QCh. 4 - Prob. 48QCh. 4 - Prob. 49QCh. 4 - Prob. 50QCh. 4 - Prob. 51QCh. 4 - Prob. 52QCh. 4 - Prob. 53QCh. 4 - Prob. 54QCh. 4 - Prob. 55QCh. 4 - Prob. 56QCh. 4 - Prob. 57QCh. 4 - Prob. 58Q
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- Comet Halley (Fig. P11.21) approaches the Sun to within 0.570 AU, and its orbital period is 75.6 yr. (AU is the symbol for astronomical unit, where 1 AU = 1.50 1011 m is the mean EarthSun distance.) How far from the Sun will Halleys comet travel before it starts its return journey?arrow_forward(a) One of the moons of Jupiter, named Io, has an orbital radius of 4.22 108 m and a period of 1.77 days. Assuming the orbit is circular, calculate the mass of Jupiter, (b) The largest moon of Jupiter, named Ganymede, has an orbital radius of 1.07 109 m and a period of 7.16 days. Calculate the mass of Jupiter from this data, (c) Are your results to parts (a) and (b) consistent? Explain.arrow_forwarda) The asteroid Ida has a small satellite orbiting it called Dactyl. Dactyl orbits Ida at a distance of about 90 km, with a period of about 8 hours. Calculate the mass of Ida. b) Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos. Phobos orbits Mars with an orbital period of 8 hours while Deimos orbits every 30.3 hours. What are the semi-major axes of each satellite? c) On the night side of Venus, we find that the brightest wavelength, that is the wavelength this region of the planet is emitting the most energy, is about 3.9 micrometers (3.9x10-6 meters). Approximately how warm is the planet in this region?arrow_forward
- The Apollo 11 and 12 missions brought back different types of lunar rocks, available to see at the Lunar Planetary Institute in Clear Lake (see the 'read' link below). If one set of rocks weigh 65 lbs on the moon, what is their weight on earth? The lunar gravity is 5.30 ft/s2 and earth gravity is 32.2 ft/s². The mass of the rocks is slugs (do you know this unit?). The weight of the rocks on earth is lbs.arrow_forwardQuestion 3. Astronomers are consistently finding new moons of Jupiter, both big and small. Suppose astronomers discovered a new moon called Yelruh that orbits a distance of 5.63x108 m from the surface of Jupiter. Using the information for another moon of Jupiter, calculate Yelruh's orbital period.arrow_forwardIf Martians want to launch a geostationary satellite (more accurately, "Aerostationary") to study their planet, what would be the altitude of the satellite? Data of Mars: Rotation period : 24.6 hours Mass : 6.4 x 10^23 kg Radius: 3390 kmarrow_forward
- 6. A synchronous orbit is an orbit about a planet's equator that always remains above the same spot of the planet because the synchronous orbit matches the planet's rotational period. The pilot of the Mars spacecraft (which was named Cheetah 1 and had a 9556 kg mass) asked Tarzan to calculate the altitude of a synchronous orbit so they could remain over a particular geological feature on the Martian equator. Calculate the altitude above the Martian equator using the data above and Johannes Kepler's genius.arrow_forwardThe semimajor axis of Mars orbit is about 1.52 astronomical units (au), where an au is the Earth's average distance from the Sun, meaning the semimajor axis of Earth's orbit is 1 au. To go from Earth to Mars and use the least energy from rocket fuel, the orbit has a semimajor axis of 1.26 au and an eccentricity of about 0.21. Starting at Earth's orbit, to follow this path we give the spacecraft an orbital velocity of 40 km/s. Which of the following describes this best? It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must speed up to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit. It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must slow down to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit. It flys past Mars on its trajectory unless it is braked by accelerating toward the Sun. It which leaves Earth when…arrow_forwardThe semimajor axis of Mars orbit is about 1.52 astronomical units (au), where an au is the Earth's average distance from the Sun, meaning the semimajor axis of Earth's orbit is 1 au. To go from Earth to Mars and use the least energy from rocket fuel, the orbit has a semimajor axis of 1.26 au and an eccentricity of about 0.21. Starting at Earth's orbit, to follow this path we give the spacecraft an orbital velocity of 40 km/s. Which of the following describes this best? a. It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must speed up to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit. b. It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must slow down to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit. c. It flys past Mars on its trajectory unless it is braked by accelerating toward the Sun. It which leaves Earth when Mars is nearly…arrow_forward
- 7. The brightest four moons of Jupiter were discovered by Galileo with one of his earliest telescopes. These moons, lo, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, are called the Galilean moons in his honour. Some of the available data about these moons are given below. MOON r (km) V T (earthyears) 0.004837 lo a. Europa Ganymede Callisto 4.219 x 105 6.712 x 105 1.853 x 106 0.0195884 The radii are from the centre of Jupiter to the centre of the moon in question. One earth year has 365 days. Using the data for above, find the mass of Jupiter. Be specific as to which line of data was used and why. Show all work.arrow_forwardCalculate the value of acceleration due to gravity on the surface of moon. Given mass of the moon 7.4 × 10²² kg and its radius is 1740km. ( Hint g=GM/r²)arrow_forward5) These moons are known as the Galilean moons. (Since that time, 75 additional Jovian moons have been discovered.) The innermost Galilean moon, Io, takes 1.769 days to complete one orbit. The largest Galilean moon, Ganymede, orbits at a distance of 1.07 x 106 km and takes four times as long as Io to orbit Jupiter. (Both orbits can be modeled as circles.) In late 1609 and early 1610, Galileo Galilei discovered four moons orbiting Jupiter. a) What is the radius of Io's orbit? b) How fast is Io moving in its orbit? c) If Jupiter were to somehow collapse into a black hole, what would its Schwarzschild radius be?arrow_forward
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