Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Lewis symbols for elements with the electronic configuration
Concept Introduction:
Lewis symbol:
A Lewis symbol is a pictorial representation of an elementsurrounded by dots indicating number of electrons in the outer energy level. The group number of the element indicates number of valence electrons.
By using an electron configuration of an atom, we can draw its Lewis symbol by drawing the chemical symbol of the element surrounded by the appropriate number of valence electrons.
(b)
Interpretation:
Lewis symbols for elements with the electronic configuration.
Concept Introduction:
Lewis symbol:
A Lewis symbol is a pictorial representation of an element surrounded by dots indicating number of electrons in the outer energy level. The group number of the element indicates number of valence electrons.
By using an electron configuration of an atom, we can draw its Lewis symbol by drawing the chemical symbol of the element surrounded by the appropriate number of valence electrons.
(c)
Interpretation:
Lewis symbols for elements with the electronic configuration.
Concept Introduction:
Lewis symbol:
A Lewis symbol is a pictorial representation of an element surrounded by dots indicating number of electrons in the outer energy level. The group number of the element indicates number of valence electrons.
By using an electron configuration of an atom, we can draw its Lewis symbol by drawing the chemical symbol of the element surrounded by the appropriate number of valence electrons.
(d)
Interpretation:
Lewis symbols for elements with the electronic configuration.
Concept Introduction:
Lewis symbol:
A Lewis symbol is a pictorial representation of an element surrounded by dots indicating number of electrons in the outer energy level. The group number of the element indicates number of valence electrons.
By using an electron configuration of an atom, we can draw its Lewis symbol by drawing the chemical symbol of the element surrounded by the appropriate number of valence electrons.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 4 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- 7.107 How do the Lewis symbols for C, Si, and Ge reflect the similarity in their electron configurations?arrow_forward7.17 Coulombic forces are often used to explain ionic bonding. Are coulombic forces involved in covalent bonding as well? Explain.arrow_forwardUse the data in Figure 3.11 and Table 3.2 to calculate the energy changes (E) for the following pairs of reactions: (a) K(g)+Cl(g)K+(g)+Cl(g) K(g)+Cl(g)K(g)+Cl+(g) (b) Na(g)+Cl(g)Na+(g)+Cl(g) Na(g)+Cl(g)Na(g)+Cl+(g) Explain why K+Cl and Na+Cl form in preference to KCl+ and NaCl+ .arrow_forward
- Think of forming an ionic compound as three steps (this is a simplification, as with all models): (I) removing an electron from the metal; (2) adding an electron to the nonmetal; and (3) allowing the metal cation and nonmetal anion to come together. a. What is the sign of the energy change for each of these three processes? b. In general, what is the sign of the sum of the first two processes? Use examples to support your answer. c. What must be the sign of the sum of the three process d. Given your answer to part c, why do ionic bonds occur? e. Given your above explanations, why is NaCl stable but not Na2Cl? NaCl2? What about MgO compared to MgO2? Mg2O?arrow_forward[Review Topics] Atoms form ions so as to achieve electron configurations similar to those of the noble gases. For the following pairs of noble gas configurations, choose the formula of a simple ionic compound that would have comparable electron configurations: a. [Ne] and [Kr] ONal LiBr RbF KH b. [Ar] and [Xe] BaCl2 CsF BaBr2 Nal c. [Ne] and [Rn] NaF RaF2 CsI BeCl2 tempts remaining [References]arrow_forward1. Draw Lewis Structures (including resonance structures if applicable) for the following molecules/ions: A. NO3– B. NO2– C. NO2+ D. O3 2. Which of the following items in Number 1 are isoelectronic?arrow_forward
- Give the most probable ion formed from each of the following elements.a. O c. Alb. Brarrow_forwardThe correct Noble Gas configuration for Cl- is: a. 1s22s22p63s23p5 b. 1s22s22p63s23p6 c. {Ne}3s23p6 d. {Ar}arrow_forwardConsider the Lewis electron formulas for the following four Lanthanum has dots and a charge of Lanthanum ion has dots and a charge of Sulfur has dots and a charge of Sulfide ion has dots and a charge of а. -2 b. -4 C. +2 or 2 d. +4 or 4 е. +3 or 3 f. 8 g. 0 h. 6 i. 10arrow_forward
- Imagine a metallic element had been discovered and was named "Gondolium" (Gn).Gn was found to exhibit chemistry like that of an alkaline earth. Gn(s) + F2(g) → GnF2(s) Lattice energy for GnF2 -1950. kJ/mol First Ionization energy of Gn 450. kJ/mol Second Ionization energy of Gn 855 kJ/mol Electron affinity of F -327.8 kJ/mol Bond energy of F2 154 kJ/mol Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Gn 195 kJ/mol Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for gondolium fluoride.arrow_forwardWhich element in each pair is more electronegative?a. K, As b. N, Sb c. Sr, Bearrow_forwardA. 1052 Calculate the lattice energy in kJ/mol of lithium chloride, LiCl, using the Born-Haber cycle. B. 790 C. 981 D. 1035 E. 165 +161.0 kJ/mol AHsublimation AHdissociation = +240.0 AHionization=+520.0 AH(-EA)=-348.0 AHlattice energy = -U ΔΗ ° = -408.0 Li(s) →Li(g) ½Cl2(g) →Cl(g) Li(g) →Li (g) +e Cl(g) +e CI (g) Li (g) + Cl (g) →LiCl(s) Li(s) + Cl₂(g) →LiCl(s) =arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning