Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079373
Author: William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 38QAP
Lactic acid, C3H6O3 is the acid present in sour milk. A 0.100-g sample of pure lactic acid requires 12.95 mL of 0.0857 M sodium hydroxide for complete reaction. How many moles of hydroxide ion are required to neutralize one mole of lactic acid?
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Ch. 4 - Write the formulas of the following compounds and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 4 - Describe how you would precipitate (a) zinc...Ch. 4 - Name the reagent, if any, that you would add to a...Ch. 4 - Write net ionic equations for the formation of (a)...Ch. 4 - Write net ionic equations to explain the formation...Ch. 4 - Decide whether a precipitate will form when the...Ch. 4 - Follow the directions of Question 7 for solutions...Ch. 4 - Write a net ionic equation for any precipitation...Ch. 4 - Follow the directions for Question 9 for the...
Ch. 4 - What volume of 0.2500 M cobalt(III) sulfate is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 4 - A 50.00-mL sample of 0.0250 M silver nitrate is...Ch. 4 - Aluminum ions react with carbonate ions to form an...Ch. 4 - When Na3PO4 and Ca(NO3)2 are combined, the...Ch. 4 - When solutions of aluminum sulfate and sodium...Ch. 4 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 4 - Follow the directions of Question 19 for the...Ch. 4 - For an acid-base reaction, what is the reacting...Ch. 4 - Follow the directions of Question 21 for the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 4 - Consider the following generic equation: H+(aq)+...Ch. 4 - Consider the following generic equation...Ch. 4 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 4 - Consider several 25.00-mL solutions of perchloric...Ch. 4 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 4 - A student tries to determine experimentally the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 4 - For a product to be called vinegar, it must...Ch. 4 - The percentage of sodium hydrogen carbonate,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 4 - An artificial fruit beverage contains 12.0 g of...Ch. 4 - Lactic acid, C3H6O3 is the acid present in sour...Ch. 4 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 4 - Assign oxidation numbers to each element in (a)...Ch. 4 - Assign oxidation numbers to each element in (a)...Ch. 4 - Classify each of the following half-reactions as...Ch. 4 - Classify each of the following half-reactions as...Ch. 4 - Classify each of the following half-reactions as...Ch. 4 - Prob. 46QAPCh. 4 - For each unbalanced equation given below • write...Ch. 4 - Prob. 48QAPCh. 4 - A solution of potassium permanganate reacts with...Ch. 4 - Prob. 50QAPCh. 4 - Hydrogen gas is bubbled into a solution of barium...Ch. 4 - Consider the reaction tween silver and nitric acid...Ch. 4 - The molarity of iodine in solution can be...Ch. 4 - A wire weighing 0.250 g and containing 92.50% Fe...Ch. 4 - Glycerol (C3H8O3) is commonly used as an additive...Ch. 4 - Laws passed in some states define a drunk driver...Ch. 4 - A sample of limestone weighing 1.005 g is...Ch. 4 - The iron content of hemoglobin is determined by...Ch. 4 - In order to determine the purity of ammonium...Ch. 4 - Gold metal will dissolve only in aqua regia, a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 61QAPCh. 4 - Ten mL of concentrated H3PO4 (91.7% by mass,...Ch. 4 - Consider the following balanced redox reaction in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 64QAPCh. 4 - Using circles to represent cations and squares to...Ch. 4 - Assuming that circles represent cations and...Ch. 4 - Consider four beakers. Beaker A has an aqueous...Ch. 4 - The following figures represent species before and...Ch. 4 - A student is asked to identify the metal nitrate...Ch. 4 - Three students titrate different samples of the...Ch. 4 - Calcium in blood or urine can be determined by...Ch. 4 - Copper metal can reduce silver ions to metallic...Ch. 4 - Copper metal can reduce silver ions to metallic...Ch. 4 - A solution contains both iron(II) and iron(III)...Ch. 4 - A student is given 0.930 g of an unknown acid,...Ch. 4 - Solid iron(III) hydroxide is added to 625 mL of...Ch. 4 - A 300.0-g sample of a solid is made up of a...Ch. 4 - When 85.0 mL of 0.250 M Ba(OH)2 solution is added...
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- Citric acid, which can be obtained from lemon juice, has the molecular formula C6H8O7. A 0.250-g sample of citric acid dissolved in 25.0 mL of water requires 37.2 mL of 0.105 M NaOH for complete neutralization. What number of acidic hydrogens per molecule does citric acid have?arrow_forwardWhat volume of 0.250 M HCI is required to neutralize each of the following solutions? a. 25.0 mL of 0.103 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH b. 50.0 mL of 0.00501 M calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 c. 20.0 mL of 0.226 M ammonia, NH3 d. 15.0 mL of 0.0991 M potassium hydroxide, KOHarrow_forwardOranges and grapefruits are known as citrus fruits because their acidity comes mainly from citric acid, H3C6H5O7. Calculate the concentration of citric acid in a solution if a 30.00-mL sample is neutralized by 15.10 mL of 0.0100 M KOH. Assume that three acidic hydrogens of each citric acid molecule are neutralized in the reaction.arrow_forward
- What is the molarity of a solution of sodium hydrogen sulfate that is prepared by dissolving 9.21 g NaHSO4 in enough water to form 2.00-L solution? What is the molarity of each ion in the solution?arrow_forwardThe Behavior of Substances in Water Part 1: a Ammonia, NH3, is a weak electrolyte. It forms ions in solution by reacting with water molecules to form the ammonium ion and hydroxide ion. Write the balanced chemical reaction for this process, including state symbols. b From everyday experience you are probably aware that table sugar (sucrose), C12H22O11, is soluble in water. When sucrose dissolves in water, it doesnt form ions through any reaction with water. It just dissolves without forming ions, so it is a nonelectrolyte. Write the chemical equation for the dissolving of sucrose in water. c Both NH3 and C12H22O11 are soluble molecular compounds, yet they behave differently in aqueous solution. Briefly explain why one is a weak electrolyte and the other is a nonelectrolyte. d Hydrochloric acid, HCl, is a molecular compound that is a strong electrolyte. Write the chemical reaction of HCl with water. e Compare the ammonia reaction with that of hydrochloric acid. Why are both of these substances considered electrolytes? f Explain why HCl is a strong electrolyte and ammonia is a weak electrolyte. g Classify each of the following substances as either ionic or molecular. KCl NH3 CO2 MgBr2 HCl Ca(OH)2 PbS HC2H3O2 h For those compounds above that you classified as ionic, use the solubility rules to determine which are soluble. i The majority of ionic substances are solids at room temperature. Describe what you would observe if you placed a soluble ionic compound and an insoluble ionic compound in separate beakers of water. j Write the chemical equation(s), including state symbols, for what happens when each soluble ionic compound that you identified above is placed in water. Are these substances reacting with water when they are added to water? k How would you classify the soluble ionic compounds: strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or nonelectrolyte? Explain your answer. l Sodium chloride, NaCl, is a strong electrolyte, as is hydroiodic acid, HI. Write the chemical equations for what happens when these substances are added to water. m Are NaCl and HI strong electrolytes because they have similar behavior in aqueous solution? If not, describe, using words and equations, the different chemical process that takes place in each case. Part 2: You have two hypothetical molecular compounds, AX and AY. AX is a strong electrolyte and AY is a weak electrolyte. The compounds undergo the following chemical reactions when added to water. AX(aq)+H2O(l)AH2O+(aq)+X(aq)AY(aq)+H2O(l)AH2O+(aq)+Y(aq) a Explain how the relative amounts of AX(aq) and AY(aq) would compare if you had a beaker of water with AX and a beaker of water with AY. b How would the relative amounts of X(aq) and Y(aq) in the two beakers compare? Be sure to explain your answer.arrow_forwardArsenic acid, H3AsO4, is a poisonous acid that has been used in the treatment of wood to prevent insect damage. Arsenic acid has three acidic protons. Say you take a 25.00-mL sample of arsenic acid and prepare it for titration with NaOH by adding 25.00 mL of water. The complete neutralization of this solution requires the addition of 53.07 mL of 0.6441 M NaOH solution. Write the balanced chemical reaction for the titration, and calculate the molarity of the arsenic acid sample.arrow_forward
- A noncarbonated soft drink contains an unknown amount of citric acid, H3C6H5O7. lf 100. mL of the soft drink requires 33.51 mL of 0.0102 M NaOH to neutralize the citric add completely, what mass of citric acid does the soft drink contain per 100. mL? The reaction of citric acid and NaOH is H3C6H5O7(aq) + 3 NaOH(aq) Na3C6H5O7(aq) + 3 H2O()arrow_forwardA 1.345-g sample of a compound of barium and oxygen was dissolved in hydrochloric acid to give a solution of barium ion, which was then precipitated with an excess of potassium chromate to give 2.012 g of barium chromate, BaCrO4. What is the formula of the compound?arrow_forwardDescribe some physical and chemical properties of acids and bases. What is meant by a strong acid or base? Are strong acids and bases also strong electrolytes? Give several examples of strong acids and strong bases.arrow_forward
- A 2.20-g sample of an unknown acid (empirical formula = C3H4O3) is dissolved in 1.0 L of water. A titration required 25.0 mL of 0.500 M NaOH to react completely with all the acid present. Assuming the unknown acid has one acidic proton per molecule, what is the molecular formula of the unknown acid?arrow_forwardConsider the following generic equation: H+(aq)+ B(aq)HB(aq)For which of the following pairs would this be the correct prototype equation for the acid-base reaction in solution? If it is not correct, write the proper equation for the acid-base reaction between the pair. (a) nitric acid and calcium hydroxide (b) hydrochloric acid and CH3NH2 (c) hydrobromic acid and aqueous ammonia (d) perchloric acid and barium hydroxide (e) sodium hydroxide and nitrous acidarrow_forwardChlorisondamine chloride (C14H20Cl6N2) is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension. A 1.28-g sample of a medication containing the drug was treated to destroy the organic material and to release all the chlorine as chloride ion. When the filtered solution containing chloride ion was treated with an excess of silver nitrate, 0.104 g silver chloride was recovered. Calculate the mass percent of chlorisondamine chloride in the medication, assuming the drug is the only source of chloride.arrow_forward
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