Biology
Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 36, Problem 7FIB
Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Osmoregulation is an important function performed by the kidney. Osmoregulation refers to the maintenance of blood osmolarity, which is the concentration of solutes and ions in the blood plasma.

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The kidneys are important regulators of blood volume (and thus MAP) and the ionic composition and pH of plasma. The amount of water reabsorbed or lost is hormonally regulated. Both the amount of blood that is filtered (glomerular filtration rate) and the amount of water that is reabsorbed is determined by hormones binding with receptors. In order to understand why the level of any given hormone is elevated or low in the blood, it is necessary to think in terms of homeostasis loops for each hormone, and what the initial disturbance to homeostasis was. In other words "who started it"! What STEROID hormone is elevated by increased activation of the RAS pathway?
Secretion of the hormone ADH may decrease or stop if the pituitary’s posterior lobe is damaged, as by a blow to the head. This is one cause of diabetes insipidus. People with this form of diabetes excrete so much dilute urine that they may become seriously dehydrated. Where are the target cells of ADH?
Certain types of lung tumors secrete one or more hormones. What would happen to plasma and urine osmolality and urine volume in a patient with a lung tumor that secretes vasopressin? Why?

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