Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 36, Problem 1FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Nitrogenous wastes are the metabolic wastes that contain nitrogen. The organisms tend to excrete harmful wastes out of the body because it contains toxic waste and is not required by the body. In the excretory cycle, these wastes are collected in a certain part of the body then excreted out in the form of urine.
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Hummingbirds, pocket mice, and young Chiricahua leopard frogs are all about the same size, and all live in the southwestern deserts. Compare and contrast their nitrogenous wastes, and explain why there is such a difference in their urine.
All of the following are functions of the mammalian kidney. Check all that would apply
water reabsorption.
filtration of blood.
excretion of nitrogenous waste.
regulation of salt balance in the blood.
production of urea as a waste product of protein catabolism.
Waste removal varies among organisms. Which pair shows the correct match between the organism and its excretory organs? *
No answer
earthworms : segmental nephridia
flatworms : contractile vacuoles
frogs : Malpighian tubules
insects : flame cells
Chapter 36 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 36.1 - define homeostasis and describe how urinary...Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.2 - describe and compare the urinary systems of...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 36.3 - list and describe the structures of the human...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 36.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.3 - draw and label a nephron?Ch. 36.4 - describe the blood supply of the nephron and how...
Ch. 36.4 - explain the three stages of urine formation,...Ch. 36.4 - describe where in the nephron each stage occurs?Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 36.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 36.5 - What osmoregulatory problems would occur if a...Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 36.5 - explain the role of ADH in water reabsorption?Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.5 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 36.5 - explain how and why the urinary systems of...Ch. 36.5 - Since the 1950s, when living kidney donation was...Ch. 36 - Prob. 1MCCh. 36 - Which of the following matches is correct? a....Ch. 36 - Long nephron loops a. are common in animals with...Ch. 36 - Which of the following is True? a. Collecting...Ch. 36 - Prob. 5MCCh. 36 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 36 - The human kidney consists of an outer layer called...Ch. 36 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 36 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 36 - Fill in the following substances: produced from...Ch. 36 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 36 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 36 - Explain the two major functions of urinary...Ch. 36 - Prob. 2RQCh. 36 - Prob. 3RQCh. 36 - Discuss the differences in function of the two...Ch. 36 - Describe the processes of filtration,...Ch. 36 - Describe the role of the kidneys as organs of...Ch. 36 - Briefly describe and compare the urinary systems...Ch. 36 - Explain and contrast osmoregulation in freshwater...Ch. 36 - Prob. 1ACCh. 36 - Prob. 2AC
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- Which statement about nitrogenous wastes is true? ammonia cannot be concentrated as much as urea and uric acid because it is more toxic some vertebrates are able to avoid producing nitrogenous wastes by using only anaerobic respiration most vertebrates that produce urea excrete the urea as salt crystals that have precipitated out of solution to conserve water many saurapsids excrete their nitrogenous wastes as nitric oxide All of these are correctarrow_forwardJessica was trying to solve a problem given to her in class. Help her figure out which produces more water during excretion: carnivores, herbivores or producers? Explain to Jessica how you know?arrow_forwardAs the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forward
- Would you expect an ostrich to excrete excess nitrogen as uric acid, urea, or ammonia? Make an argument for your answer.arrow_forwardA vampire bat survives on mammalian blood. Most cells in blood are erythrocytes filled mostly with water and haemoglobin. Most of plasma is water and its most abundant solute is albumin. Predict how the urine of a vampire bat would differ compared to an omnivorous mammal such as you.arrow_forwardthe process that initiates urine formation in most types of vertebrates is ultrafiltration of fluid from the blood plasma into kidney tubules under the force of blood pressure. What properties of the blood plasma in the urine-forming structures of the kidney are likely to affect the rate of ultrafiltration into the kidney tubules? Why is failure of urine production a potential side effect of heart disease?arrow_forward
- A vampire bat survives on mammalian blood. Most cells in blood are erythrocytes filled mostly with water and hemoglobin. Most of plasma is water and its most abundant solute is albumin. Predict how the urine of a vampire bat would differ compared to an omnivorous mammal such as you.arrow_forwardFill in the blank: In insects, most water and ion reabsorption from the gut lumen takes place in the _________arrow_forwardThe bodily fluids of freshwater fish contain higher concentration of dissolved solids in their surroundings, so they tend to bloat (take in water) or lose electrolytes. How can freshwater fish avoid this? 1.) By drinking lots of water? 2.) By actively transporting ions out from the gills into the water? 3.) by excreting highly concentrated urine? 4.) by resorbing ions in nephronsarrow_forward
- The diagram below of part of a nephron shows some of the pressure gradients that are involved in the movement of fluids from blood to the glomerular filtrate within the Bowman's capsule. The numbers represent hydrostatic pressure in kPA. Afferent arteriole (9.32) Glomerulus Efferent arteriole (2.34) -Bowman's caps Colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma in the glomerular capillaries (4.26) Net fitration Distal convoluted Proximal convoluted tubule tubule (1.33)arrow_forwardThe given data infers hypernatremia which indicates kidney problems or water imbalance in the body. Hypernatremia describes the conditions when the sodium in the blood is in excess amount. To cope with the sodium, the kidneys have to work for extra time; And this excess sodium could be removed only with water, so excess urination is observed. Now since water/fluid is lost by urination so to compensate for it the body sends signals of thirst and so the person feels increased thirst. This is why the patient complains of polyurea and polydipsia. Also, the low potassium levels and increased sodium levels indicate water imbalance If not treated, this may result in a higher risk of diseases such as stroke and hypertension. Can you suggest treatment for this situation please?arrow_forwardMatch the type of fish with their excretory strategy marine fish freshwater fish sharks [Choose ] [Choose ] slowly lose salts and water over time and excrete salts using a rectal gland and gills excrete large volumes of water as urine and do not drink water drink water and excrete salts using their gills drink water and eat salts slowly gain salts and water over time and excrete salts using a rectal gland and gills excrete large volumes of water as urine and must drink waterarrow_forward
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