Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 32.2, Problem 2CS
Summary Introduction
To explain: The similarity between wind-dispersed pine seeds and wind-dispersed fruits of the
Introduction: The dispersion is a mechanism of the propagation of the seeds, in far off places by the use of different physical, chemical, and biological agents. Wind is one of the most important agents which help in the dispersal of many fruits. Some plants have accustomed themselves to produce seeds at the time of favorable wind conditions for ensuring the dispersal of their fruits.
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Exercise 2:
Construct an indented dichotomous key on the following groups of plants:
Bryophyta
Lower Vasuclar plants
Higher Vascular plants
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Pteridophyta
Equisetophyta
VISUAL SKILLS Which mature seed lacks an endosperm?What happened to it?
ACTIVITY 9: In angiosperms, fruits play an important role in seed dispersal. Plant biologists
recognize different types of fruit, 11 of which are described in the table below. Dried fruits can
be further classified as indehiscent (the fruit/pod does not split open when ripe) or dehiscent
(fruits/pods split open when mature). 51 Examine the provided examples of fruits.
Fruit Type
Description
Example
Category
Simple fruits
Ovary wall and seed coat are fused, one seed;
seed is attached at only one point to the ovary wall
Sunflower
seeds
Achene
Ovary wall is thin and fully fused to the seed at all
points; one seed.
Wheat
orti eno Grain m
Walnut
Ovary wall hard or woody but can be separated
from seed, one seed; may have an outer husk
Dry fruits
Nut
at maturity
Ovary has several cavities in cross-section, several
Cotton
fruit
ng yinea Capsule
Gc to many seeds
g co
Bean pod
Ovary has one cavity that opens along both sides,
many seeds
Legume
Milkweed
Folliclemulq
Ovary has one cavity that…
Chapter 32 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 32.2 - Core Skill: Connections Look ahead to Figure...Ch. 32.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 32.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 32.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 32.3 - What other trait occurs widely among angiosperms...Ch. 32.3 - What advantage does the nonshowy perianth of grass...Ch. 32.3 - CoreSKILL Designing an experiment requires a plan...Ch. 32.3 - Prob. 2EQCh. 32.4 - Prob. 1CSCh. 32.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 32 - What feature(s) must be present for a plant to...Ch. 32 - Prob. 2TYCh. 32 - Prob. 3TYCh. 32 - What similar features do gymnosperms and...Ch. 32 - Prob. 5TYCh. 32 - Prob. 6TYCh. 32 - Prob. 7TYCh. 32 - Prob. 8TYCh. 32 - Prob. 9TYCh. 32 - Prob. 10TYCh. 32 - Make a diagram that shows how plant biologists...Ch. 32 - Explain why fruits such as apples, strawberries,...Ch. 32 - Core Concept: Structure and Function Compare the...Ch. 32 - Prob. 1COQCh. 32 - How would you go about trying to solve what Darwin...
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- INSTRUCTION: Write True or False. 1. An aggregate fruit develops from the fused ovaries of a floral cluster. 2. In the fern leaf, the clusters of sporangia are called sporophylls. 3. The plumule is the first seed leaf that absorbs and digests nutrients needed for seed germination. 4. A false fruit develops from the expansion of the hypanthium or floral tube that encloses the ovary. 5. The endocarp is the edible fleshy part of the fruit. 6. In a bean seed, the part of the embryo which develops into the leaves and upper portion of the stem is known as the hypocotyl. 7. The embryos of corn and other grass seeds are partially enclosed in a protective sheath called the coleorhiza. 8. The embryonic shoot system is the radicle. 9. The seed coat develops from the nucellus of the ovule. 10. In the Zea mays seed, the aleurone layer is located outside the endosperm layer. 11. The pedicel bears more than one flower in a cluster. 12. The sunflower (Helianthus sp.) is an example of a capitulum…arrow_forwardBI 230L - Plant Biology Lab Topic: Fruits and Nuts Draw or use an already available picture of each of following types of fruits. Please label the parts of the fruit that help distinguish its placement in that category - this might need a cross-section of the fruit. Picture/Diagram Description Achene Pome Nut Berry Grain Legume Aggregate Fruit Multiple Fruit Drupearrow_forwardINSTRUCTION: PLEASE ANSWER THIS QUESTION IN YOUR OWN WORDS NOT LONGER THAN 250 WORDS. Apples are sweet-tasting fruits that attract and are eaten by fruit-eating animals, which are agents for seed dispersal. How could you explain the fact that the seeds of such an attractive fruit contain cyanide-producing chemicals?arrow_forward
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- hou Safari File Edit View History 2 Bookmarks Window Help Assessment for feedback and grade: Plants - Sign in - Google Accounts alt 1. Light Short answer questions 1. Match the following eight angiosperm structures to their functions. List of Structures Calyx, Sepal, Carpel, Ovule, Seed, Stamen, Anther, and Corolla List of Functions Q course.ilc.tvo.org A. This structure produces pollen. B. This structure contains the fertilized zygote. C. This structure attracts pollinators. D. This structure is a collection of sepals. E. This structure is the male sex organ. F. This structure is where meiosis takes place in order to produce eggs. G. This structure contains the stigma, style, and ovary. H. This structure protects the developing flower. $ do L T https://course.ilc.tvo.org//content/enforced/22865... MacBook Pro A 6 & 7 * ● I 5 D G corollaarrow_forwardGiven below is an experimental setup to demonstrate a particular tropic movement in germinating seeds. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow Perforated trough Moist sawdust - Germinating seed -Brick (i) Label the parts 1 and 2. (ii) Name the tropic movement shown by part 1. (iii) Part 1 is affected by two stimuli. Name them. Which one of the two is stronger? (iv) What is Thigmotropism ? Give one example. (v) What is meant by 'Positive' and 'Negative' tropic movements in plants?arrow_forwardSCI500B_Organisms_FRQ_GA (3).docx Word Design Layout References Mailings Review View Help Tell me what you want to do 2. In a common eudicot pattern of development for the common bean in the figure, the radicle emerges from the seed (1), then begins to develop into a primary root that grows down into the soil. As this occurs, the hypocotyl emerges from the seed and bends into the shape of a hook (2). The bent hypocotyl lengthens and pulls the cotyledons upward (3). When the hypocotyl reaches the soil surface, exposure to light causes it to straighten (4). Primary leaves emerge from between the cotyledons and begin photosynthesis. The cotyledons typically undergo a period of photosynthesis before shriveling (5). Eventually, the cotyledons fall off the lengthening stem, and the young plant's new leaves produce all of its food. (1 (a) Identify and explain what environmental factors influence the timing and coordination of the germination of seeds. (b) Predict what would happen if the…arrow_forward
- (a) Please describe the peripheral zone (PZ) genetic program maintains indeterminacy and allows the initiation of lateral primordia in shoot apical meristems. (b) Explain how this genetic program has been used in compound leavesarrow_forwardExamine the shoot system of a mature plant (Coleus blumei). Identify the shoot tip, nodes, internodes, leaves, and axillary buds. Each unit of stem that consists of a leaf, axillary bud and internode is referred to as a phytomere. Note that axillary buds always occur above a leaf. Axillary buds give rise to branch shoots. Thus, branching in a shoot system is exogenous (of external origin). How does this compare to branching in a root system?arrow_forwardEXPERIMENT 4: INDUCTION OF CALLUS SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF HAPLOID PLANTS Objective: To prepare anther as a source of explant To induce callus somatic embryogenesis of haploid plants Procedure: Cut off the buds and sort them into 3 developmental stages based on length of buds Surface sterilize the buds in 70% ethanol for 2-3 minutes, making sure the entire bud is immersed in the alcohol. Drain off excess alcohol from the buds and aseptically excise the anthers from each bud. Remove the filaments and culture the anther on one of the agar media provided. Label the stage of development of the bud on each petri dish as the anthers are cultured. Seal the Petri dishes with parafilm. Incubate in the dark at 26 to 28ºC for 4 to 8 weeks or until small plants can be seen growing out of the anthers. Then transfer to diffuse light. Record the results of the experiment in table form and submit the report. Observation: The culture was contaminated after 8 weeks of incubation…arrow_forward
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