Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 30, Problem 9TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: A microbiome is an environment in which many species of microbes with their genes are assembled together to benefit the particular organism. To introduce the changes in the composition of a microbiome is the goal of microbiome engineering.
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which of the following is not a way that normal microbial prevent growth of competing microbes?
a. production of substances harmful to competitors
b. more efficient utilization of nutrients
c. changing pH of environment
d. all of the above are used by normal microbiota against competitors
e. none of the above are utilized by normal microbiota
which of the following is a result of colonization by mutualistic and commensal microbes? (multiple answers)
a. the human microbiomes
b. the gut microbiota
c. gut dysbiosis
d. enterotypes.
E. A C. difficile infection.
which of the following definitions is not technically correct?
a. broad spectrum - effective against many different types of microbes
b. bacteriostatic - prevents microbes from growing
c. antibiotic - microbial or synthetic product that kills or inhibits growth of microbes.
d. all of the above are correct
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- The first step for directly linking a microbe to a specific disease according to Koch's postulates is to A.isolate microbes from the blood of healthy animals. B. culture the blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal using nutrient medium. C. inject a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal into a healthy animal. D. obtain a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal.arrow_forwardWhich of the following describes "incubation period"? a. It is the time interval between entry of an infectious agent into the body and the appearence of the first symptoms and/or signs of the disease b. It is the time after recovery when a person can still harbor the infection c. It is the time interval through which an infected person is able to transmit the infectious agent to others d. It is the time interval between the onset of primary and secondary casesarrow_forwardNormal microbiota: A. are only found in the digestive tract. B. protect us from disease by crowding out "bad" invading bacteria. C.are only found on small select parts of our bodies. D.always cause disease when growing on our bodies. E.play no role in our general health.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is incorrect? a. Mucosal surfaces are better than skin surfaces at supporting colonization by commensal microorganisms. b. The skin provides a larger surface area than mucosal surfaces for commensal microorganisms. c. There are ten times as many bacteria residing in the intestinal tract than the number of cells in the human body. d. It is common for commensal bacteria to live in symbiosis with their human hosts. e. During gestation in mammals, a fetus does not have any commensal microorganisms on their skin or mucosal surfaces.arrow_forwardWhich of the following pairs id mismatched? A. Virologist – studies human immunodeficiency virus B. Microbial ecologist – studies bacteria that degrade oil C. Microbial physiologist – studies fermentation of sourdough bread D. Immunologist – studies ecology of Legionella pneumophilia Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. Chemotheraphy – treatment of disease B. Pathogen – disease causing C. Vaccine - preparation of microorganisms D. Normal microbiota – harmfularrow_forwardA. Write a paragraph (~150 words) explaining why bacterial infections have again become a threat. B. Write a paragraph (~150 words) describing the main causes of the antibiotic crisis. C. Write a paragraph (~150 words) describing what pharmaceutical companies could do to address the problem of antibiotic resistance. D. Write a paragraph (~150 words) describing what people at colleges and universities could do to address the problem of antibiotic resistance.arrow_forward
- What are two reasons why it is important to characterize and understand the human microbiome?arrow_forwardIn this Module you learned that bacteria are everywhere. You watched several videos and read an article about all the ways in which the microbiome can be connected to the health of different parts of your body. 1. Based on the content in lecture and your readings, explain the connection between your microbiome and your health (use 2 specific examples)? 2. Describe one major way your microbiome can be altered in a negative way? 3. Describe two ways you can improve your gut microbiome? For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). BIUS Paragraph A V V I X & T¶ † O + Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. Save All Answers X : Save and Submit farrow_forwardThe epidemiological or disease triangle is a model of disease causation that proposes three factors contribute to an outbreak – an agent that causes the disease, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. Some general changes within these three factors that may cause an infectious disease to emerge include: A. changes in populations or behavior of reservoir hosts or intermediate hosts B. microbial genetic mutation and viral genetic recombination or assortment C. environmental factors such as an increase in precipitation D. all of the above E. none of the abovearrow_forward
- The epidemiological or disease triangle is a model of disease causation that proposes three factors contribute to an outbreak - an agent that causes the disease, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. Some general changes within these three factors that may cause an infectious disease to emerge include: A. changes in populations or behavior of reservoir hosts or intermediate hosts B. microbial genetic mutation and viral genetic recombination or assortment C. environmental factors such as an increase in precipitation D. all of the above E. none of the abovearrow_forwardWhen a baby is born, the first exposure to microbiota is through all of the following EXCEPT a. the baby acquires the residential microbiota in the colon after the first meal b. Microbes enter the nose and mouth when the baby is in the birth canal c. Staphylococcus epidermidis is transferred from the hospital staff to the newborn after delivery d. Microorganisms grow in the respiratory tract after the baby's first breath e. Microbes cross the placenta during pregnancyarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is incorrect? a. Epidemiologists need to focus on evidence and data concerning diseases or other health outcomes, and not on their personal opinions or beliefs b. Many of the historical figures in epidemiology did not have a formal background in epidemiology or public health c. It is not possible for epidemiologists to function in the absence of sophisticated computers, software, high speed internet, and well-equipped labs. d. In addition to understanding acute infectious diseases, epidemiology also examines risk factors for chronic and/or non-infectious health conditions including mental health issues, substance use, cancers, cardiovascular conditions, and the implications of trauma, violence, and systemic racism.arrow_forward
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